Cardiff University | Prifysgol Caerdydd ORCA
Online Research @ Cardiff 
WelshClear Cookie - decide language by browser settings

Systematic tapping of independent magma chambers during the 1Ma Kidnappers supereruption

Cooper, George F., Wilson, Colin J. N., Millet, Marc-Alban ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2710-5374, Baker, Joel A. and Smith, Euan G. C. 2012. Systematic tapping of independent magma chambers during the 1Ma Kidnappers supereruption. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 313-31 , pp. 23-33. 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.006

Full text not available from this repository.

Abstract

The 1.0 Ma Kidnappers supereruption (~ 1200 km3 DRE) from Mangakino volcanic centre, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, produced a large phreatomagmatic fall deposit followed by an exceptionally widespread ignimbrite. Detailed sampling and analysis of glass shards and mineral phases have been undertaken through a proximal 4.0 m section of the fall deposit, representing the first two-thirds of erupted extra-caldera material. Major and trace element chemistries of glass shards define three distinct populations (types A, B and C), which systematically change in proportion through the fall deposit and are inferred to represent three magma types. Type B glass and biotite first appear at the same level (~ 0.95 m above base) in the fall deposit suggesting later tapping of a biotite-bearing magma. Plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxide compositions show bimodal distributions, which are linked to types A and B glass compositions. Temperature and pressure (T–P) estimates from hornblende and Fe–Ti oxide equilibria from each magma type are similar and therefore the three magma bodies were adjacent, not vertically stacked, in the crust. Most hornblende model T–P estimates range from 770 to 840 °C and 90 to 170 MPa corresponding to storage depths of ~ 4.0–6.5 km. Hornblende model T–P estimates coupled with in situ trace element fingerprinting imply that the magma bodies were individually well mixed, and not stratified. Compositional gaps between the three glass compositional types imply that no mixing between these magmas occurred. We interpret these data, coupled with the systematic changes in shard compositional proportions through the fall deposit, to reflect that three independent melt-dominant bodies of magma contributed large (A, ~ 270 km3), medium (B, ~ 90 km3) and small (C, ~ 40 km3) volumes (as reflected in the fall deposits) and were systematically tapped during the eruption. We propose that the systematic evacuation of the three independent magma bodies implies that there was tectonic triggering and linkage of eruptions. Our results show that supereruptions can be generated by near simultaneous multiple eruptions from independent magma chambers rather than the evacuation of a large single unitary magma chamber.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Earth and Environmental Sciences
Subjects: Q Science > QE Geology
Uncontrolled Keywords: supereruption; multiple magmas; Kidnappers eruption; Taupo Volcanic Zone; eruption trigger; phreatomagmatic fall deposit
Publisher: Elsevier
ISSN: 0012-821X
Date of Acceptance: 7 November 2011
Last Modified: 01 Nov 2022 10:56
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/93311

Citation Data

Cited 61 times in Scopus. View in Scopus. Powered By Scopus® Data

Actions (repository staff only)

Edit Item Edit Item