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Complement activation in leprosy: a retrospective study shows elevated circulating terminal complement complex in reactional leprosy

Bahia El Idrissi, N., Hakobyan, S., Ramaglia, V., Geluk, A., Morgan, Bryan Paul ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-7676, Das, P. Kumar and Baas, F. 2016. Complement activation in leprosy: a retrospective study shows elevated circulating terminal complement complex in reactional leprosy. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 184 (3) , p. 338. 10.1111/cei.12767

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Abstract

Mycobacterium leprae infection gives rise to the immunologically and histopathologically classified spectrum of leprosy. At present, several tools for the stratification of patients are based on acquired immunity markers. However, the role of innate immunity, particularly the complement system, is largely unexplored. The present retrospective study was undertaken to explore whether the systemic levels of complement activation components and regulators can stratify leprosy patients, particularly in reference to the reactional state of the disease. Serum samples from two cohorts were analysed. The cohort from Bangladesh included multi‐bacillary (MB) patients with (n = 12) or without (n = 46) reaction (R) at intake and endemic controls (n = 20). The cohort from Ethiopia included pauci‐bacillary (PB) (n = 7) and MB (n = 23) patients without reaction and MB (n = 15) patients with reaction. The results showed that the activation products terminal complement complex (TCC) (P ≤ 0·01), C4d (P ≤ 0·05) and iC3b (P ≤ 0·05) were specifically elevated in Bangladeshi patients with reaction at intake compared to endemic controls. In addition, levels of the regulator clusterin (P ≤ 0·001 without R; P < 0·05 with R) were also elevated in MB patients, irrespective of a reaction. Similar analysis of the Ethiopian cohort confirmed that, irrespective of a reaction, serum TCC levels were increased significantly in patients with reactions compared to patients without reactions (P ≤ 0·05). Our findings suggests that serum TCC levels may prove to be a valuable tool in diagnosing patients at risk of developing reactions.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Medicine
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISSN: 0009-9104
Date of Acceptance: 31 December 2015
Last Modified: 02 Nov 2022 11:45
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/102964

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