Structural basis of DNA gyrase inhibition by antibacterial QPT-1, anticancer drug etoposide and moxifloxacin

Chan, Pan F., Srikannathasan, Velupillai, Huang, Jianzhong, Cui, Haifeng, Fosberry, Andrew P., Gu, Minghua, Hann, Michael M., Hibbs, Martin, Homes, Paul, Ingraham, Karen, Pizzollo, Jason, Shen, Carol, Shillings, Anthony J., Spitzfaden, Claus E., Tanner, Robert, Theobald, Andrew J., Stavenger, Robert A., Bax, Benjamin D. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-3785 and Gwynn, Michael N. 2015. Structural basis of DNA gyrase inhibition by antibacterial QPT-1, anticancer drug etoposide and moxifloxacin. Nature Communications 6 , 10048. 10.1038/ncomms10048

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Abstract

New antibacterials are needed to tackle antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Type IIA topoisomerases (topo2As), the targets of fluoroquinolones, regulate DNA topology by creating transient double-strand DNA breaks. Here we report the first co-crystal structures of the antibacterial QPT-1 and the anticancer drug etoposide with Staphylococcus aureus DNA gyrase, showing binding at the same sites in the cleaved DNA as the fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin. Unlike moxifloxacin, QPT-1 and etoposide interact with conserved GyrB TOPRIM residues rationalizing why QPT-1 can overcome fluoroquinolone resistance. Our data show etoposide’s antibacterial activity is due to DNA gyrase inhibition and suggests other anticancer agents act similarly. Analysis of multiple DNA gyrase co-crystal structures, including asymmetric cleavage complexes, led to a ‘pair of swing-doors’ hypothesis in which the movement of one DNA segment regulates cleavage and religation of the second DNA duplex. This mechanism can explain QPT-1’s bacterial specificity. Structure-based strategies for developing topo2A antibacterials are suggested.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Biosciences
Additional Information:	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Publisher:	Nature Research
ISSN:	2041-1723
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	17 February 2020
Date of Acceptance:	29 October 2015
Last Modified:	04 May 2023 01:32
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/111270

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