An overview on the identification of MAIT cell antigens

Kjer-Nielsen, Lars, Corbett, Alexandra J., Chen, Zhenjun, Liu, Ligong, Mak, Jeffrey Y. W., Godfrey, Dale I., Rossjohn, Jamie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-7522, Fairlie, David P., McCluskey, James and Eckle, Sidonia B. G. 2018. An overview on the identification of MAIT cell antigens. Immunology and Cell Biology 96 (6) , pp. 573-587. 10.1111/imcb.12057

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Abstract

Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells are restricted by the monomorphic MHC class I‐like molecule, MHC‐related protein‐1 (MR1). Until 2012, the origin of the MAIT cell antigens (Ags) was unknown, although it was established that MAIT cells could be activated by a broad range of bacteria and yeasts, possibly suggesting a conserved Ag. Using a combination of protein chemistry, mass spectrometry, cellular biology, structural biology and chemistry, we discovered MAIT cell ligands derived from folic acid (vitamin B9) and from an intermediate in the microbial biosynthesis of riboflavin (vitamin B2). While the folate derivative 6‐formylpterin (6‐FP) generally inhibited MAIT cell activation, two riboflavin pathway derivatives, 5‐(2‐oxopropylideneamino)‐6‐D‐ribitylaminouracil (5‐OP‐RU) and 5‐(2‐oxoethylideneamino)‐6‐D‐ribitylaminouracil (5‐OE‐RU), were potent MAIT cell agonists. Other intermediates and derivatives of riboflavin synthesis displayed weak or no MAIT cell activation. Collectively, these studies revealed that in addition to peptide and lipid‐based Ags, small molecule natural product metabolites are also ligands that can activate T cells expressing αβ T cell receptors, and here we recount this discovery.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Publisher:	Nature Publishing Group
ISSN:	0818-9641
Date of Acceptance:	5 April 2018
Last Modified:	23 Oct 2022 13:39
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/111311

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