2025 roadmap on 3D nano-magnetism.

Gubbiotti, Gianluca, Barman, Anjan, Ladak, Sam ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0275-0927, Bran, Cristina, Grundler, Dirk, Huth, Michael, Plank, Harald, Schmidt, Georg, van Dijken, Sebastiaan, Streubel, Robert, Dobrovolskiy, Oleksandr V, Scagnoli, Valerio, Heyderman, Laura J, Donnelly, Claire, Hellwig, Olav, Fallarino, Lorenzo, Jungfleisch, M Benjamin, Farhan, Alan, Maccaferri, Nicolò, Vavassori, Paolo, Fischer, Peter, Tomasello, Riccardo, Finocchio, Giovanni, Clerac, Rodolphe, Sessoli, Roberta, Makarov, Denys, Sheka, Denis, Krawczyk, Maciej, Gallardo, Rodolfo A, Landeros, Pedro, d'Aquino, Massimiliano, Hertel, Riccardo, Pirro, Philipp, Ciubotaru, Florin, Becherer, Markus, Gartside, Jack, Ono, Teruo, Bortolotti, Paolo and Fernàndez-Pacheco, Amalio 2024. 2025 roadmap on 3D nano-magnetism. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 10.1088/1361-648X/ad9655

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Abstract

The transition from planar (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) magnetic nanostructures represents a significant advancement in both fundamental research and practical applications, offering vast potential for next-generation technologies like ultrahigh-density storage, memory, logic, and neuromorphic computing. Despite being a relatively new field, the emergence of 3D nanomagnetism presents numerous opportunities for innovation, prompting the creation of a comprehensive roadmap by leading international researchers. This roadmap aims to facilitate collaboration and interdisciplinary dialogue to address challenges in materials science, physics, engineering, and computing. The roadmap comprises eighteen sections, roughly divided into three parts. The first section explores the fundamentals of 3D nanomagnetism, focusing on recent trends in fabrication techniques and imaging methods crucial for understanding complex spin textures, curved surfaces, and small-scale interactions. Techniques such as two-photon lithography and focused electron beam-induced deposition enable the creation of intricate 3D architectures, while advanced imaging methods like electron holography and Lorentz electron Ptychography provide sub-nanometer resolution for studying magnetization dynamics in three dimensions. Various 3D magnetic systems, including coupled multilayer systems, artificial spin ice, magneto-plasmonic systems, topological spin textures, and molecular magnets, are discussed. The second section introduces analytical and numerical methods for investigating 3D nanomagnetic structures and curvilinear systems, highlighting geometrically curved architectures, interconnected nanowire systems, and other complex geometries. Finite element methods are emphasized for capturing complex geometries, along with direct frequency domain solutions for addressing magnonic problems. The final section focuses on 3D magnonic crystals and networks, exploring their fundamental properties and potential applications in magnonic circuits, memory, and spintronics. Computational approaches using 3D nanomagnetic systems and complex topological textures in 3D spintronics are highlighted for their potential to enable faster and more energy-efficient computing. . [Abstract copyright: Creative Commons Attribution license.]

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	In Press
Schools:	Physics and Astronomy
Publisher:	IOP Publishing
ISSN:	0953-8984
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	6 December 2024
Date of Acceptance:	22 November 2024
Last Modified:	06 Dec 2024 09:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/174540

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