Repeated Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans drives the clonal expansion of an adaptive γδ T cell repertoire

von Borstel, Anouk, Chevour, Priyanka, Arsovski, Daniel, Krol, Jelte M. M., Howson, Lauren J., Berry, Andrea A., Day, Cheryl L., Ogongo, Paul, Ernst, Joel D., Nomicos, Effie Y. H., Boddey, Justin A., Giles, Edward M., Rossjohn, Jamie ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2020-7522, Traore, Boubacar, Lyke, Kirsten E., Williamson, Kim C., Crompton, Peter D. and Davey, Martin S. 2021. Repeated Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans drives the clonal expansion of an adaptive γδ T cell repertoire. Science Translational Medicine 13 (622) , eabe7430. 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe7430

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Abstract

Repeated Plasmodium falciparum infections drive the development of clinical immunity to malaria in humans; however, the immunological mechanisms that underpin this response are only partially understood. We investigated the impact of repeated P. falciparum infections on human γδ T cells in the context of natural infection in Malian children and adults, as well as serial controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) of U.S. adults, some of whom became clinically immune to malaria. In contrast to the predominant Vδ2+ T cell population in malaria-naïve Australian individuals, clonally expanded cytotoxic Vδ1effector T cells were enriched in the γδ T cell compartment of Malian subjects. Malaria-naïve U.S. adults exposed to four sequential CHMIs defined the precise impact of P. falciparum on the γδ T cell repertoire. Specifically, innate-like Vδ2+ T cells exhibited an initial robust polyclonal response to P. falciparum infection that was not sustained with repeated infections, whereas Vδ1+ T cells increased in frequency with repeated infections. Moreover, repeated P. falciparum infection drove waves of clonal selection in the Vδ1+ T cell receptor repertoire that coincided with the differentiation of Vδ1naïve T cells into cytotoxic Vδ1effector T cells. Vδ1+ T cells of malaria-exposed Malian and U.S. individuals were licensed for reactivity to P. falciparum parasites in vitro. Together, our study indicates that repeated P. falciparum infection drives the clonal expansion of an adaptive γδ T cell repertoire and establishes a role for Vδ1+ T cells in the human immune response to malaria.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Medicine
Publisher:	American Association for the Advancement of Science
ISSN:	1946-6234
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	14 March 2025
Date of Acceptance:	8 November 2021
Last Modified:	18 Mar 2025 12:15
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/176884

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