Tiered blockchain framework: A secure, trustworthy, and cost-efficient solution for the digital rights protection

Hanif, Muhammad, Munir, Ehsan Ullah, Rehan, Muhammad Maaz, Ahmad, Saima Gulzar, Khan, Imtiaz and Setchi, Rossi ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-6544 2025. Tiered blockchain framework: A secure, trustworthy, and cost-efficient solution for the digital rights protection. Blockchain: Research and Applications , 100308. 10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100308

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Abstract

Protecting Intellectual Property (IP) in the digital age presents significant challenges due to rapid technological advancements and industrial growth. Traditional methods of registering and securing IP are becoming increasingly ineffective. To address these challenges, a more robust system is needed to control access, prevent unauthorized use, and safeguard digital rights. Despite efforts to transition from central registries to encrypted systems, vulnerabilities still exist that can compromise IP security. Therefore, a comprehensive solution must ensure legal use, prevent misuse, and enhance overall IP protection. This study introduces a robust framework designed to prioritize IP security and protection while addressing financial considerations. Our tiered Blockchain based approach features logically segregated layers governed by smart contracts, which control access based on predefined agreements set by the IP owner. A Common Application Interface (CAI) via smart contracts simplifies common operation with regards to an IP. The decentralized nature of Blockchain technology ensures unassailable trust, availability, and security. Additionally, we employ a flexible off-chain identity verification and storage mechanism for quick access and improved processing capabilities. Financial aspects tied to digital rights are managed through Blockchain's oracle services, ensuring seamless integration and management. Our integrated solution provides a reliable platform for IP protection, validated through thorough performance evaluations across diverse real-world scenarios. This framework demonstrates significant improvements in efficiency, security, and cost effectiveness compared to traditional IP protection methods. By leveraging Blockchain's immutable ledger and decentralized network, we enhance the traceability and accountability of IP transactions, reinforcing legal compliance and reducing disputes. Ultimately, this approach ensures that IP is safeguarded, valued, and shared in a manner that benefits creators, consumers, and society as a whole. The rigorous analysis evident significant enhancements in process optimization, technology adoption, efficiency, and cost reduction compared to traditional IP rights protection practices.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	In Press
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	2096-7209
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	9 June 2025
Date of Acceptance:	10 February 2025
Last Modified:	11 Jun 2025 13:30
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/178919

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