Label-free DNA detection using optical barcodes from high Q-factor microbubble resonators

Wu, Zhenlin, Li, Mengxiao, An, Peiyao, Han, Shaoshuai, Zhang, Shanshan, Yu, Miao, Hao, Xiaolei, Wang, Chuan, Yang, Xin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7612-614X, Li, Ning and Ren, Jun 2025. Label-free DNA detection using optical barcodes from high Q-factor microbubble resonators. IEEE Sensors Journal 10.1109/jsen.2025.3577175

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Abstract

This paper delineates a silicon microbubble resonator with surface functionalization, which incorporates whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical barcode technology for the label-free detection of hybridization between probe DNA (pDNA) and complementary DNA (cDNA), as well as for the extraction of concentration information from cDNA solutions. This innovative approach is distinguished by its heightened sensitivity, lower detection thresholds, and an expansive dynamic range of detection capabilities. A synergistic approach combining computational simulation and empirical experimentation was implemented to ascertain the specificity of pDNA-cDNA hybridization and to validate the potential of employing high Q-factor microbubble cavities for DNA hybridization assays. The WGM optical barcode technology was leveraged to monitor the biosensor’s holistic resonance behavior, culminating in the creation of a barcode repository that correlates with the concentration of cDNA solutions. Moreover, the amalgamation of the resonator with optical barcodes facilitates the precise extraction of cDNA solution concentration data from an unknown concentration spectrum ranging from 10 to 60 nM. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that, at an ambient temperature of 25 °C, the sensor possesses a sensitivity of 0.0252 nm/nM and a detection threshold of 0.36 nM. This technology not only evades the constraints of conventional methodologies that are predicated on monitoring a singular spectral modality but also sustains the exquisite sensitivity of optical microcavities and broadens the ambit of dynamic surveillance. Therefore, it provides an efficient sensing strategy for future applications in the fields of biosensing, intelligent detection, and medical diagnostics.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html, Start Date: 2025-01-01
Publisher:	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ISSN:	1530-437X
Last Modified:	01 Jul 2025 13:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/179459

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