An optimal two-stage tuned PIDF + fuzzy controller for enhanced LFC in hybrid power systems

Almutairi, Saleh, Anayi, Fatih ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8408-7673, Packianather, Michael ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9436-8206 and Shouran, Mokhtar ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9904-434X 2025. An optimal two-stage tuned PIDF + fuzzy controller for enhanced LFC in hybrid power systems. Sustainability 17 (20) , 9109. 10.3390/su17209109

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Abstract

Ensuring reliable power system control demands innovative architectural solutions. This research introduces a fault-tolerant hybrid parallel compensator architecture for load frequency control (LFC), combining a Proportional–Integral–Derivative with Filter (PIDF) compensator with a Fuzzy Fractional-Order PI-PD (Fuzzy FOPI–FOPD) module. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) determines optimal PID gains, while the Catch Fish Optimization Algorithm (CFOA) tunes the Fuzzy FOPI–FOPD parameters—both minimizing the Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) index. The parallel compensator structure guarantees continuous operation during subsystem faults, substantially boosting grid reliability. Rigorous partial failure tests confirm uncompromised performance-controlled degradation. Benchmark comparisons against contemporary controllers reveal the proposed architecture’s superiority, quantifiable through transient metric enhancements: undershoot suppression (−9.57 × 10−5 p.u. to −1.17 × 10−7 p.u.), settling time improvement (8.8000 s to 3.1511 s), and ITAE reduction (0.0007891 to 0.0000001608), verifying precision and stability gains. Resilience analyses across parameter drift and step load scenarios, simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, demonstrate superior disturbance attenuation and operational stability. These outcomes confirm the solution’s robustness, dependability, and field readiness. Overall, this study introduces a transformative LFC strategy with high practical viability for modern power networks.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Start Date: 2025-10-14
Publisher:	MDPI
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	27 October 2025
Date of Acceptance:	3 October 2025
Last Modified:	27 Oct 2025 14:15
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/181922

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