A simulation framework for the LiteBIRD instruments

Tomasi, M., Pagano, L., Anand, A., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A.J., Bortolami, M., Galloni, G., Galloway, M., Ghigna, T., Giardiello, S., Gomes, M., Hivon, E., Krachmalnicoff, N., Micheli, S., Monelli, M., Nagano, Y., Novelli, A., Patanchon, G., Poletti, D., Puglisi, G., Raffuzzi, N., Reinecke, M., Takase, Y., Weymann-Despres, G., Adak, D., Allys, E., Aumont, J., Aurvik, R., Ballardini, M., Barreiro, R.B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Bersanelli, M., Besnard, A., Brinckmann, T., Calabrese, E. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0837-0068, Campeti, P., Carinos, E., Carones, A., Casas, F.J., Cheung, K., Citran, M., Clermont, L., Columbro, F., Coppi, G., Coppolecchia, A., Cuttaia, F., Dal Bo, P., de Bernardis, P., de la Hoz, E., De Lucia, M., Della Torre, S., Diego-Palazuelos, P., Eriksen, H.K., Essinger-Hileman, T., Franceschet, C., Fuskeland, U., Gerbino, M., Gervasi, M., Gimeno-Amo, C., Gjerløw, E., Gruppuso, A., Hazumi, M., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hergt, L.T., Jost, B., Kohri, K., Lamagna, L., Lari, T., Lattanzi, M., Leloup, C., Levrier, F., Lonappan, A.I., López-Caniego, M., Luzzi, G., Macias-Perez, J., Maffei, B., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Matsumura, T., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mousset, L., Nagata, R., Noviello, F., Obata, I., Occhiuzzi, A., Paiella, A., Paoletti, D., Pascual-Cisneros, G., Piacentini, F., Pinchera, M., Polenta, G., Porcelli, L., Remazeilles, M., Ritacco, A., Rizzieri, A., Rubiño-Martín, J.A., Ruiz-Granda, M., Sanghavi, J., Sauvage, V., Shiraishi, M., Signorelli, G., Stever, S.L., Sullivan, R.M., Tassis, K., Terenzi, L., Vacher, L., van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Wehus, I.K., Zannoni, M., Zhou, Y. and The LiteBIRD collaboration 2025. A simulation framework for the LiteBIRD instruments. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2025 (11) , 040. 10.1088/1475-7516/2025/11/040

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Abstract

LiteBIRD, the Lite (Light) satellite for the study of B-mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection, is a space mission focused on primordial cosmology and fundamental physics. In this paper, we present the LiteBIRD Simulation Framework (LBS), a Python package designed for the implementation of pipelines that model the outputs of the data acquisition process from the three instruments on the LiteBIRD spacecraft: LFT (Low-Frequency Telescope), MFT (Mid-Frequency Telescope), and HFT (High-Frequency Telescope). LBS provides several modules to simulate the scanning strategy of the telescopes, the measurement of realistic polarized radiation coming from the sky (including the Cosmic Microwave Background itself, the Solar and Kinematic dipole, and the diffuse foregrounds emitted by the Galaxy), the generation of instrumental noise and the effect of systematic errors, like pointing wobbling, non-idealities in the Half-Wave Plate, et cetera. Additionally, we present the implementation of a simple but complete pipeline that showcases the main features of LBS. We also discuss how we ensured that LBS lets people develop pipelines whose results are accurate and reproducible. A full end-to-end pipeline has been developed using LBS to characterize the scientific performance of the LiteBIRD experiment. This pipeline and the results of the first simulation run are presented in Puglisi et al. (2025).

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Physics and Astronomy
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Type: cc-by
Publisher:	IOP Publishing
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	19 November 2025
Date of Acceptance:	2 October 2025
Last Modified:	19 Nov 2025 10:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/182512

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