Virus inhibition activity of effector memory CD8+ T cells determines simian immunodeficiency virus load in vaccinated monkeys after vaccine breakthrough infection

Yamamoto, Takuya, Johnson, Matthew J., Price, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9416-2737, Wolinsky, David I., Almeida, Jorge R., Petrovas, Constantinos, Nason, Martha, Yeh, Wendy W., Shen, Ling, Roederer, Mario, Rao, Srinivas S., McDermott, Adrian B., Lefebvre, Francois, Nabel, Gary J., Haddad, Elias K., Letvin, Norman L., Douek, Daniel C. and Koup, Richard A. 2012. Virus inhibition activity of effector memory CD8+ T cells determines simian immunodeficiency virus load in vaccinated monkeys after vaccine breakthrough infection. Journal of Virology 86 (10) , pp. 5877-5884. 10.1128/JVI.00315-12

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Abstract

The goal of an effective AIDS vaccine is to generate immunity that will prevent human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) acquisition. Despite limited progress toward this goal, renewed optimism has followed the recent success of the RV144 vaccine trial in Thailand. However, the lack of complete protection in this trial suggests that breakthroughs, where infection occurs despite adequate vaccination, will be a reality for many vaccine candidates. We previously reported that neutralizing antibodies elicited by DNA prime-recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) boost vaccination with simian immunodeficiency virus strain mac239 (SIVmac239) Gag-Pol and Env provided protection against pathogenic SIVsmE660 acquisition after repeated mucosal challenge. Here, we report that SIV-specific CD8+ T cells elicited by that vaccine lowered both peak and set-point viral loads in macaques that became infected despite vaccination. These SIV-specific CD8+ T cells showed strong virus-inhibitory activity (VIA) and displayed an effector memory (EM) phenotype. VIA correlated with high levels of CD107a mobilization and perforin expression in SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Remarkably, both the frequency and the number of Gag CM9-specific public clonotypes were strongly correlated with VIA mediated by EM CD8+ T cells. The ability to elicit such virus-specific EM CD8+ T cells might contribute substantially to an efficacious HIV/AIDS vaccine, even after breakthrough infection.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine Systems Immunity Research Institute (SIURI)
Subjects:	R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Additional Information:	Pdf uploaded in accordance with publisher's policy at http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/issn/0022-538X/ (accessed 25/02/2014)
Publisher:	American Society for Microbiology
ISSN:	0022-538X
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 March 2016
Last Modified:	07 May 2023 00:36
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/42338

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