Mechanisms and use of neural transplants for brain repair

Dunnett, Stephen Bruce ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1826-1578 and Björklund, Anders 2017. Mechanisms and use of neural transplants for brain repair. Dunnett, Stephen B. and Bjorklund, Anders, eds. Functional Neural Transplantation IV: Translation to Clinical Application, Part A, Vol. 230. Progress in Brain Research, Elsevier, pp. 1-51. (10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.11.002)

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Abstract

Under appropriate conditions, neural tissues transplanted into the adult mammalian brain can survive, integrate, and function so as to influence the behavior of the host, opening the prospect of repairing neuronal damage, and alleviating symptoms associated with neuronal injury or neurodegenerative disease. Alternative mechanisms of action have been postulated: nonspecific effects of surgery; neurotrophic and neuroprotective influences on disease progression and host plasticity; diffuse or locally regulated pharmacological delivery of deficient neurochemicals, neurotransmitters, or neurohormones; restitution of the neuronal and glial environment necessary for proper host neuronal support and processing; promoting local and long-distance host and graft axon growth; formation of reciprocal connections and reconstruction of local circuits within the host brain; and up to full integration and reconstruction of fully functional host neuronal networks. Analysis of neural transplants in a broad range of anatomical systems and disease models, on simple and complex classes of behavioral function and information processing, have indicated that all of these alternative mechanisms are likely to contribute in different circumstances. Thus, there is not a single or typical mode of graft function; rather grafts can and do function in multiple ways, specific to each particular context. Consequently, to develop an effective cell-based therapy, multiple dimensions must be considered: the target disease pathogenesis; the neurodegenerative basis of each type of physiological dysfunction or behavioral symptom; the nature of the repair required to alleviate or remediate the functional impairments of particular clinical relevance; and identification of a suitable cell source or delivery system, along with the site and method of implantation, that can achieve the sought for repair and recovery.

Item Type:	Book Section
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Biosciences
Subjects:	R Medicine > RC Internal medicine > RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Neural transplantation; Mechanisms; Brain repair; Functional recovery; Neuroplasticity; Trophic mechanisms; Reinnervation; Circuit repair; Nigral grafts; Striatal grafts; Hippocampal grafts; Spinal cord grafts; Bridge grafts
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISBN:	9780128117385
ISSN:	0079-6123
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	18 May 2017
Date of Acceptance:	14 April 2017
Last Modified:	15 Nov 2024 10:00
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/100299

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