Levels of wound calprotectin and other inflammatory biomarkers aid in deciding which patients with a diabetic foot ulcer need antibiotic therapy (INDUCE study)

Ingram, John ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-1142, Coulman, Elinor, Gregory, Clive ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4876-3982, Thomas-Jones, Emma ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7716-2786, Francis, Nicholas ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-7312, Harding, Keith, Hood, Kerenza ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8631, Piguet, Vincent, Pickles, Timothy ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-0234 and Cannings-John, Rebecca ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5235-6517 2018. Levels of wound calprotectin and other inflammatory biomarkers aid in deciding which patients with a diabetic foot ulcer need antibiotic therapy (INDUCE study). Diabetic Medicine 35 (2) , pp. 255-261. 10.1111/dme.13431

Preview

PDF - Published Version Available under License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives. Download (160kB) | Preview

Abstract

Aims Deciding if a diabetic foot ulcer is infected in a community setting is challenging without validated point-of-care tests. Four inflammatory biomarkers were investigated to develop a composite algorithm for mildly infected diabetic foot ulcers: venous white cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin, and a novel wound exudate calprotectin assay. Calprotectin is a marker of neutrophilic inflammation. Methods In a prospective study, people with uninfected or mildly infected diabetic foot ulcers who had not received oral antibiotics in the preceding 2 weeks were recruited from community podiatry clinics for measurement of inflammatory biomarkers. Antibiotic prescribing decisions were based on clinicians’ baseline assessments and participants were reviewed 1 week later; ulcer infection was defined by clinicians’ overall impression from their two assessments. Results Some 363 potential participants were screened, of whom 67 were recruited, 29 with mildly infected diabetic foot ulcers and 38 with no infection. One participant withdrew early in each group. Ulcer area was 1.32 cm2 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.32–3.61 cm2] in infected ulcers and 0.22 cm2 (IQR 0.09–1.46 cm2) in uninfected ulcers. Baseline CRP for mild infection was 9.00 mg/ml and 6.00 mg/ml for uninfected ulcers; most procalcitonin levels were undetectable. Median calprotectin level in infected diabetic foot ulcers was 1437 ng/ml and 879 ng/ml in uninfected diabetic foot ulcers. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for a composite algorithm incorporating calprotectin, CRP, white cell count and ulcer area was 0.68 (95% confidence intervals 0.52–0.82), sensitivity 0.64, specificity 0.81. Conclusions A composite algorithm including CRP, calprotectin, white cell count and ulcer area may help to distinguish uninfected from mildly infected diabetic foot ulcers. Venous procalcitonin is unhelpful for mild diabetic foot ulcer infection.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Subjects:	R Medicine > R Medicine (General)
Publisher:	Wiley
ISSN:	0742-3071
Funders:	Health and Care Research Wales RFPPB
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	14 July 2017
Date of Acceptance:	16 June 2017
Last Modified:	11 Oct 2023 21:53
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/102424

Citation Data

Cited 15 times in Scopus. View in Scopus. Powered By Scopus® Data

Actions (repository staff only)

Edit Item