Pharmacology of JNJ-37822681, a specific and fast-dissociating D2 antagonist for the treatment of schizophrenia

Langlois, X., Megens, A., Lavreysen, H., Atack, J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-791X, Cik, M., te Riele, P., Peeters, L., Wouters, R., Vermeire, J., Hendrickx, H., Macdonald, G. and De Bruyn, M. 2012. Pharmacology of JNJ-37822681, a specific and fast-dissociating D2 antagonist for the treatment of schizophrenia. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 342 (1) , pp. 91-105. 10.1124/jpet.111.190702

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Abstract

All marketed antipsychotics act by blocking dopamine D2 receptors. Fast dissociation from D2 receptors may be one of the elements contributing to the lower incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) exhibited by newer antipsychotics. Therefore, we screened for specific D2 receptor blockers with a fast rate of dissociation. Radioligand binding experiments identified N- [1-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)piperidin-4-yl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridazin-3-amine (JNJ-37822681) as a fast-dissociating D2 ligand. Its D2 receptor specificity was high compared with atypical antipsychotics, with little activity at receptors associated with unwanted effects [α1, α2, H1, muscarinic, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) type 2C] and for receptors that may interfere with the effects of D2 antagonism (D1, D3, and 5-HT2A). JNJ-37822681 occupied D2 receptors in rat brain at relatively low doses (ED50 0.39 mg/kg) and was effective in animal models of psychosis (e.g., inhibition of apomorphine-induced stereotypy or d-amphetamine/phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion). Prolactin levels increased from an ED50 (0.17 mg/kg, peripheral D2 receptors) close to the ED50 required for apomorphine antagonism (0.19 mg/kg, central D2 receptors), suggesting excellent brain disposition and minimal prolactin release at therapeutic doses. JNJ-37822681 induced catalepsy and inhibited avoidance behavior, but with a specificity margin relative to apomorphine antagonism that was larger than that obtained for haloperidol and similar to that obtained for olanzapine. This larger specificity margin (compared with haloperidol) may reflect lower EPS liability and less behavioral suppression after JNJ-37822681. JNJ-37822681 is a novel, potent, specific, centrally active, fast-dissociating D2 antagonist with optimal brain disposition, and it is the first compound that allows the evaluation of the potential value of fast D2 antagonism for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Biosciences
Publisher:	American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET)
ISSN:	0022-3565
Date of Acceptance:	4 April 2012
Last Modified:	03 Nov 2022 09:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/105887

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