Export processing zones

Wu, Fulong 2009. Export processing zones. Kitchin, Rob and Thrift, Nigel, eds. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, Vol. 1. Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 691-696. (10.1016/B978-008044910-4.00156-5)

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Abstract

Export processing zones (EPZs) are industrial estates that are fenced in for producing manufactured goods for export. In short, they are trade enclaves that import raw materials, process them, and then export to the world market. The development of EPZs is justified by a number of motivations: to generate employment, to produce foreign exchange earnings, to promote exports, to provide a catalyst effect on local firms about how to export to the world market, to use trade enclaves to diffuse knowledge, know-how and management skills to local firms, and to stimulate industrial development in the host country. Epzs are created under specific circumstances–developing countries have abundant labor resources, while capital becomes mobile in the global economy. The combination of labor and capital in EPZs provides a chance for developing countries to absorb foreign direct investment (FDI) and be linked to the global economy with the minimum impact on the domestic economy, as the goods produced in EPZs are exported. WTO rules are against subsides for export, which requires the phasing out of EPZs’ tax incentives. Some EPZs are taking this chance to evolve into industrial and science parks and beginning to integrate with their local economies.

Item Type:	Book Section
Date Type:	Publication
Schools:	Geography and Planning (GEOPL)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Development zones; Employment security; Export processing zones; Export-oriented growth; Foreign direct investment; Free trade zones; Globalization; Industrial geography; Industrialization of developing countries; International Labour Organization; Labor union; Special economic zones; World Trade Organization
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISBN:	9780080449104
Related URLs:	Publisher
Last Modified:	07 Nov 2019 09:08
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/10800

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