Cardiff University | Prifysgol Caerdydd ORCA
Online Research @ Cardiff 
WelshClear Cookie - decide language by browser settings

The CF-Sputum Induction Trial (CF-SpIT) to assess lower airway bacterial sampling in young children with cystic fibrosis: a prospective internally controlled interventional trial

Ronchetti, Katherine, Tame, Jo-Dee, Paisey, Christopher, Thia, Lena P., Doull, Iolo, Howe, Robin, Mahenthiralingam, Eshwar ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9014-3790 and Forton, Julian T. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0580-0432 2018. The CF-Sputum Induction Trial (CF-SpIT) to assess lower airway bacterial sampling in young children with cystic fibrosis: a prospective internally controlled interventional trial. Lancet Respiratory Medicine 6 (6) , pp. 461-471. 10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30171-1

[thumbnail of Figures and legends_submit_20180302.pdf]
Preview
PDF - Supplemental Material
Download (506kB) | Preview
[thumbnail of 1-s2.0-S2213260018301711-main.pdf]
Preview
PDF - Published Version
Available under License Creative Commons Attribution.

Download (518kB) | Preview

Abstract

Background Pathogen surveillance is challenging but crucial in children with cystic fibrosis—who are often nonproductive of sputum even if actively coughing—because infection and lung disease begin early in life. The role of sputum induction as a diagnostic tool for infection has not previously been systematically addressed in young children with cystic fibrosis. We aimed to assess the pathogen yield from sputum induction compared with that from cough swab and single-lobe, two-lobe, and six-lobe bronchoalveolar lavage. Methods This prospective internally controlled interventional trial was done at the Children’s Hospital for Wales (Cardiff, UK) in children with cystic fibrosis aged between 6 months and 18 years. Samples from cough swab, sputum induction, and single-lobe, two-lobe, and six-lobe bronchoalveolar lavage were matched for within-patient comparisons. Primary outcomes were comparative pathogen yield between sputum induction and cough swab for stage 1, and between sputum induction, and single-lobe, two-lobe, and six-lobe bronchoalveolar lavage for stage 2. Data were analysed as per protocol. This study is registered with the UK Clinical Research Network (14615) and with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Network Registry (12473810). Findings Between Jan 23, 2012, and July 4, 2017, 124 patients were prospectively recruited to the trial and had 200 sputum induction procedures for stage 1. 167 (84%) procedures were successful and the procedure was well tolerated. Of the 167 paired samples, 63 (38%) sputum-induction samples were pathogen positive compared with 24 (14%) cough swabs (p<0·0001; odds ratio [OR] 7·5; 95% CI 3·19–17·98). More pathogens were isolated from sputum induction than cough swab (79 [92%] of 86 vs 27 [31%] of 86; p<0·0001). For stage 2, 35 patients had a total of 41 paired sputum-induction and bronchoalveolar lavage procedures. Of the 41 paired samples, 28 (68%) were positive for at least one of the concurrent samples. 39 pathogens were isolated. Sputum induction identified 27 (69%) of the 39 pathogens, compared with 22 (56%; p=0·092; OR 3·3, 95% CI 0·91–12·11) on single-lobe, 28 (72%; p=1·0; OR 1·1, 95% CI 0·41–3·15) on two-lobe, and 33 (85%; p=0·21; OR 2·2, 95% CI 0·76–6·33) on six-lobe bronchoalveolar lavage. Interpretation Sputum induction is superior to cough swab for pathogen detection, is effective at sampling the lower airway, and is a credible surrogate for bronchoalveolar lavage in symptomatic children. A substantial number of bronchoscopies could be avoided if sputum induction is done first and pathogens are appropriately treated. Both sputum induction and six-lobe bronchoalveolar lavage provide independent, sizeable gains in pathogen detection compared with the current gold-standard two-lobe bronchoalveolar lavage. We propose that sputum induction and six-lobe bronchoalveolar lavage combined are used as standard of care for comprehensive lower airway pathogen detection in children with cystic fibrosis.

Item Type: Article
Date Type: Publication
Status: Published
Schools: Biosciences
Medicine
Additional Information: This is an open access article under the terms of the CC-BY Attribution 4.0 International license.
Publisher: Elsevier: Lancet
ISSN: 2213-2600
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Date of First Compliant Deposit: 11 April 2018
Date of Acceptance: 10 April 2018
Last Modified: 11 Oct 2023 21:50
URI: https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/110622

Citation Data

Cited 54 times in Scopus. View in Scopus. Powered By Scopus® Data

Actions (repository staff only)

Edit Item Edit Item

Downloads

Downloads per month over past year

View more statistics