Brain imaging of the cortex in ADHD: A coordinated analysis of large-scale clinical and population-based samples

Hoogman, Martine, Muetzel, Ryan, Guimaraes, Joao P., Shumskaya, Elena, Mennes, Maarten, Zwiers, Marcel P., Jahanshad, Neda, Sudre, Gustavo, Wolfers, Thomas, Earl, Eric A., Soliva Vila, Juan Carlos, Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda, Khadka, Sabin, Novotny, Stephanie E., Hartman, Catharina A., Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Schweren, Lizanne J.S., Ambrosino, Sara, Oranje, Bob, de Zeeuw, Patrick, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Rosa, Pedro G.P., Zanetti, Marcus V., Malpas, Charles B., Kohls, Gregor, von Polier, Georg G., Seitz, Jochen, Biederman, Joseph, Doyle, Alysa E., Dale, Anders M., van Erp, Theo G.M., Epstein, Jeffery N., Jernigan, Terry L., Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Ziegler, Georg C., Zierhut, Kathrin C., Schrantee, Anouk, Høvik, Marie F., Lundervold, Astri J., Kelly, Clare, McCarthy, Hazel, Skokauskas, Norbert, O?Gorman Tuura, Ruth L., Calvo, Anna, Lera-Miguel, Sara, Nicolau, Rosa, Chantiluke, Kaylita C., Christakou, Anastasia, Vance, Alasdair, Cercignani, Mara ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4550-2456, Gabel, Matt C., Asherson, Philip, Baumeister, Sarah, Brandeis, Daniel, Hohmann, Sarah, Bramati, Ivanei E., Tovar-Moll, Fernanda, Fallgatter, Andreas J., Kardatzki, Bernd, Schwarz, Lena, Anikin, Anatoly, Baranov, Alexandr, Gogberashvili, Tinatin, Kapilushniy, Dmitry, Solovieva, Anastasia, El Marroun, Hanan, White, Tonya, Karkashadze, Georgii, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Ethofer, Thomas, Mattos, Paulo, Banaschewski, Tobias, Coghill, David, Plessen, Kerstin J., Kuntsi, Jonna, Mehta, Mitul A., Paloyelis, Yannis, Harrison, Neil A. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9584-3769, Bellgrove, Mark A., Silk, Tim J., Cubillo, Ana I., Rubia, Katya, Lazaro, Luisa, Brem, Silvia, Walitza, Susanne, Frodl, Thomas, Zentis, Mariam, Castellanos, Francisco X., Yoncheva, Yuliya N., Haavik, Jan, Reneman, Liesbeth, Conzelmann, Annette, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Pauli, Paul, Reif, Andreas, Tamm, Leanne, Konrad, Kerstin, Oberwelland Weiss, Eileen, Busatto, Geraldo F., Louza, Mario R., Durston, Sarah, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Oosterlaan, Jaap, Stevens, Michael C., Ramos-Quiroga, J. Antoni, Vilarroya, Oscar, Fair, Damien A., Nigg, Joel T., Thompson, Paul M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Faraone, Stephen V., Shaw, Philip, Tiemeier, Henning, Bralten, Janita and Franke, Barbara 2019. Brain imaging of the cortex in ADHD: A coordinated analysis of large-scale clinical and population-based samples. American Journal of Psychiatry 176 (7) , pp. 531-542. 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18091033

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Abstract

Objective: Neuroimaging studies show structural alterations of various brain regions in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although nonreplications are frequent. The authors sought to identify cortical characteristics related to ADHD using large-scale studies. Methods: Cortical thickness and surface area (based on the Desikan–Killiany atlas) were compared between case subjects with ADHD (N=2,246) and control subjects (N=1,934) for children, adolescents, and adults separately in ENIGMA-ADHD, a consortium of 36 centers. To assess familial effects on cortical measures, case subjects, unaffected siblings, and control subjects in the NeuroIMAGE study (N=506) were compared. Associations of the attention scale from the Child Behavior Checklist with cortical measures were determined in a pediatric population sample (Generation-R, N=2,707). Results: In the ENIGMA-ADHD sample, lower surface area values were found in children with ADHD, mainly in frontal, cingulate, and temporal regions; the largest significant effect was for total surface area (Cohen’s d=−0.21). Fusiform gyrus and temporal pole cortical thickness was also lower in children with ADHD. Neither surface area nor thickness differences were found in the adolescent or adult groups. Familial effects were seen for surface area in several regions. In an overlapping set of regions, surface area, but not thickness, was associated with attention problems in the Generation-R sample. Conclusions: Subtle differences in cortical surface area are widespread in children but not adolescents and adults with ADHD, confirming involvement of the frontal cortex and highlighting regions deserving further attention. Notably, the alterations behave like endophenotypes in families and are linked to ADHD symptoms in the population, extending evidence that ADHD behaves as a continuous trait in the population. Future longitudinal studies should clarify individual lifespan trajectories that lead to nonsignificant findings in adolescent and adult groups despite the presence of an ADHD diagnosis.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Psychology Medicine Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC)
Publisher:	American Psychiatric Publishing
ISSN:	0002-953X
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	8 May 2019
Date of Acceptance:	19 February 2019
Last Modified:	15 Nov 2024 21:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/122266

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