Meier-Menches, Samuel M., Aikman, Brech, Döllerer, Daniel, Klooster, Wim T., Coles, Simon J., Santi, Nicolò ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-5457, Luk, Louis ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7864-6261, Casini, Angela ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1599-9542 and Bonsignore, Riccardo ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-4384 2020. Comparative biological evaluation and G-quadruplex interaction studies of two new families of organometallic gold(I) complexes featuring N-heterocyclic carbene and alkynyl ligands. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 202 , 110844. 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110844 |
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Abstract
Experimental organometallic gold(I) compounds hold promise for anticancer therapy. This study reports the synthesis of two novel families of gold(I) complexes, including N1-substituted bis-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of general formula [Au(N1-TBM)2]BF4 (N1-TBM = N1-substituted 9-methyltheobromin-8-ylidene) and mixed gold(I) NHC-alkynyl complexes, [Au(N1-TBM)alkynyl]. The compounds were fully characterised for their structure and stability in aqueous environment and in the presence of N-acetyl cysteine by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structures of bis(1-ethyl-3,7,9-trimethylxanthin-8-ylidene)gold(I), (4-ethynylpyridine)(1,9-dimethyltheobromine-8-ylidene)gold(I) and of (2,8-Diethyl-10-(4-ethynylphenyl)-5,5-difluoro-1,3,7,9-tetramethyl-5H-4λ4,5λ4-dipyrrolo[1,2-c:2′,1′-f][1,3,2]diazaborinine)(1,3,7,9-tetramethylxanthin-8-ylidene)gold(I) were also confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The compounds were studied for their properties as DNA G-quadruplex (G4 s) stabilizers by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) DNA melting. Only the cationic [Au(N1-TBM)2]BF4 family showed moderate G4 stabilization properties with respect to the previously reported benchmark compound [Au(9-methylcaffein-8-ylidene)2]+ (AuTMX2). However, the compounds also showed marked selectivity for binding to G4 structures with respect to duplex DNA in competition experiments. For selected complexes, the interactions with G4 s were also confirmed by circular dichroism (CD) studies. Furthermore, the gold(I) complexes were assessed for their antiproliferative effects in human cancer cells in vitro, displaying moderate activity. Of note, among the mixed gold(I) NHC-alkynyl compounds, one features a fluorescent boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) moiety which allowed determining its uptake into the cytoplasm of cancer cells by fluorescence microscopy
Item Type: | Article |
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Date Type: | Publication |
Status: | Published |
Schools: | Chemistry |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
ISSN: | 0162-0134 |
Date of First Compliant Deposit: | 1 October 2019 |
Date of Acceptance: | 8 September 2019 |
Last Modified: | 10 Oct 2024 03:06 |
URI: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/125827 |
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