Mutations in TOP3A cause a Bloom syndrome-like disorder

Martin, Carol-Anne, Sarlos, Kata, Logan, Claire V., Thakur, Roshan Singh, Parry, David A., Bizard, Anna H., Leitch, Andrea, Cleal, Louise, Ali, Nadia Shaukat, Al-Owain, Mohammed A., Allen, William, Altmuller, Janine, Aza-Carmona, Miriam, Barakat, Bushra A. Y., Barraza-Garcia, Jimena, Begtrup, Amber, Bogliolo, Masimo, Cho, Megan T., Cruz-Rojo, Jamie, Dhahrabi, Hassan Ali Mundi, Elcioglu, Nursel H., Gorman, Grainne S., Jobling, Rebekah, Kesterton, Ian, Kishita, Yoshihito, Kohda, Masakazu, Le Quesne Stabej, Polona, Malallah, Asam Jassim, Nurnberg, Peter, Ohtake, Akira, Okazaki, Yasushi, Pujol, Roser, Ramirez, Maria Jose, Revah-Politi, Anya, Shimura, Masaru, Stevens, Paul, Taylor, Robert W., Turner, Lesley, Williams, Hywel ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-0312, Wilson, Carolyn, Yigit, Gokhan, Zahavich, Laura, Alkuraya, Fowzan S., Surralles, Jordi, Iglesias, Alejandro, Murayama, Kei, Wollnik, Bernd, Dattani, Mehul, Heath, Karen E., Hickson, Ian D. and Jackson, Andrew P. 2018. Mutations in TOP3A cause a Bloom syndrome-like disorder. American Journal of Human Genetics 103 (2) , pp. 221-231. 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.07.001

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Abstract

Bloom syndrome, caused by biallelic mutations in BLM, is characterized by prenatal-onset growth deficiency, short stature, an erythematous photosensitive malar rash, and increased cancer predisposition. Diagnostically, a hallmark feature is the presence of increased sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) on cytogenetic testing. Here, we describe biallelic mutations in TOP3A in ten individuals with prenatal-onset growth restriction and microcephaly. TOP3A encodes topoisomerase III alpha (TopIIIα), which binds to BLM as part of the BTRR complex, and promotes dissolution of double Holliday junctions arising during homologous recombination. We also identify a homozygous truncating variant in RMI1, which encodes another component of the BTRR complex, in two individuals with microcephalic dwarfism. The TOP3A mutations substantially reduce cellular levels of TopIIIα, and consequently subjects’ cells demonstrate elevated rates of SCE. Unresolved DNA recombination and/or replication intermediates persist into mitosis, leading to chromosome segregation defects and genome instability that most likely explain the growth restriction seen in these subjects and in Bloom syndrome. Clinical features of mitochondrial dysfunction are evident in several individuals with biallelic TOP3A mutations, consistent with the recently reported additional function of TopIIIα in mitochondrial DNA decatenation. In summary, our findings establish TOP3A mutations as an additional cause of prenatal-onset short stature with increased cytogenetic SCEs and implicate the decatenation activity of the BTRR complex in their pathogenesis.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Additional Information:	GOSgene
Publisher:	Elsevier (Cell Press)
ISSN:	0002-9297
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	14 January 2020
Date of Acceptance:	29 June 2018
Last Modified:	03 May 2023 22:47
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/128299

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