A Mendelian randomization study of the causal association between anxiety phenotypes and schizophrenia

Jones, Hannah J., Martin, David, Lewis, Sarah J., Davey Smith, George, O'Donovan, Michael C. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7073-2379, Owen, Michael J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4798-0862, Walters, James T. R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-4053 and Zammit, Stanley ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2647-9211 2020. A Mendelian randomization study of the causal association between anxiety phenotypes and schizophrenia. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics 183 (6) , pp. 360-369. 10.1002/ajmg.b.32808

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Abstract

Schizophrenia shows a genetic correlation with both anxiety disorder and neuroticism, a trait strongly associated with anxiety. However, genetic correlations do not discern causality from genetic confounding. We therefore aimed to investigate whether anxiety-related phenotypes lie on the causal pathway to schizophrenia using Mendelian randomization (MR). Four MR methods, each with different assumptions regarding instrument validity, were used to investigate casual associations of anxiety and neuroticism related phenotypes on schizophrenia, and vice versa: inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, and, when appropriate, MR Egger regression. MR provided evidence of a causal effect of neuroticism on schizophrenia (IVW odds ratio [OR]: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-1.59), but only weak evidence of a causal effect of anxiety on schizophrenia (IVW OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.19). There was also evidence of a causal association from schizophrenia liability to anxiety disorder (IVW OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18-1.39) and worry (IVW beta: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03-0.07), but effect estimates from schizophrenia to neuroticism were inconsistent in the main analysis. The evidence of neuroticism increasing schizophrenia risk provided by our results supports future efforts to evaluate neuroticism- or anxiety-based therapies to prevent onset of psychotic disorders.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics (CNGG) Medicine
Publisher:	Wiley
ISSN:	1552-4841
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	11 June 2020
Date of Acceptance:	28 May 2020
Last Modified:	25 Jul 2024 13:12
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/132352

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