Qualitative and quantitative characterisation of adsorption mechanisms of lead on four biochars

Shen, Zhengtao, Zhang, Yiyun, Jin, Fei ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0899-7063, McMillan, Oliver and Al-Tabbaa, Abir 2017. Qualitative and quantitative characterisation of adsorption mechanisms of lead on four biochars. Science of the Total Environment 609 , pp. 1401-1410. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.008

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Abstract

The adsorption mechanisms of lead (Pb2 +) on four biochars (SB produced from British hardwood at 600 °C and three standard biochars produced from wheat straw pellets at 700 °C (WSP700), rice husk at 700 °C (RH700) and soft wood pellets at 550 °C (SWP550)) were characterised qualitatively and quantitatively, using a combination of chemical and micro-structural methods. Sequential extraction test results show that Pb2 + was predominantly adsorbed on SB (85.31%), WSP700 (75.61%) and RH700 (85.76%) as acidic soluble fraction, which was potentially bioavailable if applied in soil. The exchangeable fraction for SB, WSP700 and RH700 was low (1.38–4.29%) and their water soluble fraction was negligible (0–0.14%). Micro-structural analysis further investigated this fraction and confirmed the presence of cerussite (PbCO3) on SB and hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) on WSP700, RH 700 and SWP550, suggesting a mechanism of surface precipitation for Pb2 + adsorption on the biochars. The percentages of Pb2 + in the form of PbCO3 on SB (82.24%) and Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 on WSP700 (13.00%), RH 700 (19.19%) and SWP550 (29.70%) were quantified using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). This study suggests that it is feasible to quantify different adsorption mechanisms of Pb2 + on biochars, which is important for the practical application of biochar in water and/or soil treatment.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Engineering
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0048-9697
Date of Acceptance:	2 August 2017
Last Modified:	07 Nov 2022 10:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/133476

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