Toxicological effects of Mentha x piperita (Peppermint): A review

Malekmohammad, Khojasteh, Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud, Sardari, Samira and Sewell, Robert 2021. Toxicological effects of Mentha x piperita (Peppermint): A review. Toxin Reviews 40 (4) , pp. 445-459. 10.1080/15569543.2019.1647545

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Abstract

Peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) is a medicinal plant with significant pharmacological and therapeutic activities but side effects and detrimental impacts on health have been described. Herein, we studied the literature concerning the reported inherent toxicity of peppermint. Accordingly, we classified peppermint and its main constituents in acute, subacute, chronic, developmental toxicity and cytotoxicity studies. The review outcome revealed that peppermint and its main constituents (pulegone, menthone, menthol and menthofuran) exhibit some evidence of moderate toxicity. Peppermint and its menthol isomers possess no major innate mutagenic, genotoxic or embryotoxic properties. However, there is evidence that peppermint essential oil interacts appreciably with cytochrome P450 isoenzymes to reduce or prevent their activities in rat and human liver microsomes and this has a substantial clinical implication for drug metabolism. Moreover, peppermint essential oil is contraindicated in patients with bile duct obstruction, gall bladder inflammation and liver disorders. In patients with gastrointestinal reflux or hiatus hernia, its use should be exercised with caution because it may exacerbate the symptoms of gastrointestinal reflux.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Pharmacy
Subjects:	R Medicine > RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Peppermint, Menthol, Pulegone, menthofuran, Menthone, Toxicity
Publisher:	Informa Healthcare
ISSN:	1556-9543
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	28 July 2020
Date of Acceptance:	20 July 2019
Last Modified:	04 Dec 2024 01:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/133757

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