| Fang, Wenhao, Wang, Sheng, Liebens, Armin, De Campo, Floryan, Xu, Hualong, Shen, Wei, Pera-Titus, Marc and Clacens, Jean-Marc 2015. Silica-immobilized Aquivion PFSA superacid: application to heterogeneous direct etherification of glycerol with n-butanol. Catalysis Science and Technology 5 (8) , pp. 3980-3990. 10.1039/C5CY00534E |
Abstract
We report the effective heterogenization of polymeric perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) Aquivion® resin in a silica network for the direct etherification of glycerol with aliphatic n-butanol. The Aquivion-silica composites, prepared by a template-free sol–gel method, presented a large specific surface area, affording highly accessible acid sulfonic groups. The textural and bulk/surface properties of the hybrid composites were characterized in-depth using TGA, acid–base titration, N2 adsorption–desorption, XRD, TEM, FTIR, Raman, CP-MAS NMR and XPS. The Aquivion-silica composites exhibited a high catalytic activity (91% n-butanol conversion) and selectivity (45% butyl glyceryl monoether yield) while they lowered the formation of by-product (6% dibutyl ether yield) as compared to benchmark homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysts. The catalyst was reusable and maintained a stable performance after six consecutive cycles.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Date Type: | Publication |
| Status: | Published |
| Schools: | Schools > Chemistry Research Institutes & Centres > Cardiff Catalysis Institute (CCI) |
| Publisher: | Royal Society of Chemistry |
| ISSN: | 2044-4753 |
| Date of Acceptance: | 20 May 2015 |
| Last Modified: | 11 Jan 2021 16:15 |
| URI: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/137430 |
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