Urbanization in Peru is inversely associated with double burden of malnutrition: Pooled analysis of 92,841 mother-child pairs

Mendoza-Quispe, Daniel, Hernández-Vásquez, Akram, Miranda, J. Jaime, Anza-Ramirez, Cecilia, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Pomati, Marco ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-2709, Nandy, Shailen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1066-9181 and Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio 2021. Urbanization in Peru is inversely associated with double burden of malnutrition: Pooled analysis of 92,841 mother-child pairs. Obesity 29 (8) , pp. 1363-1374. 10.1002/oby.23188

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Abstract

Objective This study assessed the relationship between urbanization and the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in Peru. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey (2009 to 2016) was conducted. A DBM “case” comprised a child with undernutrition and a mother with overweight/obesity. For urbanization, three indicators were used: an eight-category variable based on district-level population density (inhabitants/km2), a dichotomous urban/rural variable, and place of residence (countryside, towns, small cities, or capital/large cities). Results The prevalence of DBM was lower in urban than in rural areas (prevalence ratio [PR] 0.70; 95% CI: 0.65-0.75), and compared with the countryside, DBM was less prevalent in towns (PR 0.75; 95% CI: 0.69-0.82), small cities (PR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.67-0.79), and capital/large cities (PR 0.53; 95% CI: 0.46-0.61). Using population density, the adjusted prevalence of DBM was 9.7% (95% CI: 9.4%-10.1%) in low-density settings (1 to 500 inhabitants/km2), 5.9% (95% CI: 4.9%-6.8%) in mid-urbanized settings (1,001 to 2,500 inhabitants/km2), 5.8% (95% CI: 4.5%-7.1%) in more densely populated settings (7,501 to 10,000 inhabitants/km2), and 5.5% (95% CI: 4.1%-7.0%) in high-density settings (>15,000 inhabitants/km2). Conclusions The prevalence of DBM is higher in the least-urbanized settings such as rural and peri-urban areas, particularly those under 2,500 inhabitants/km2.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Social Sciences (Includes Criminology and Education)
Additional Information:	This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Publisher:	Wiley
ISSN:	1930-7381
Funders:	British Council
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	22 June 2021
Date of Acceptance:	25 March 2021
Last Modified:	05 May 2023 18:36
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/142020

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