Combining chemical exchange saturation transfer and 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy for simultaneous determination of metabolite concentrations and effects of magnetization exchange

Hoefemann, Maike, Döring, André, Fichtner, Nicole Damara and Kreis, Roland 2021. Combining chemical exchange saturation transfer and 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy for simultaneous determination of metabolite concentrations and effects of magnetization exchange. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 85 (4) , pp. 1766-1782. 10.1002/mrm.28574

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Abstract

Purpose A new sequence combining chemical-exchange saturation-transfer (CEST) with traditional MRS is used to simultaneously determine metabolite content and effects of magnetization exchange. Methods A CEST saturation block consisting of a train of RF-pulses is placed before a metabolite-cycled semi-LASER single-voxel spectroscopy sequence. The saturation parameters are adjustable to allow optimization of the saturation for a specific target. Data were collected in brain from 20 subjects in experiments with different B1-settings (0.4-2.0 µT) on a 3T MR scanner. CEST Z-spectra were calculated from water intensities and fitted with a multi-pool Lorentzian model. Interrelated metabolite spectra were fitted in fitting tool for arrays of interrelated datasets (FiTAID). Results Evaluation of traditional Z-spectra from water revealed exchange effects from amides, amines, and hydroxyls as well as an upfield nuclear Overhauser effect. The magnetization transfer effect was evaluated on metabolites and macromolecules for the whole spectral range and for the different B1 levels. A correction scheme for direct saturation on metabolites is proposed. Both magnetization-transfer and direct saturation proved to differ for individual metabolites. Conclusion Using non-water-suppressed spectroscopy offers time-saving simultaneous recording of the traditional CEST Z-spectrum from water and the metabolite spectrum under frequency-selective saturation. In addition, exchange and magnetization-transfer effects on metabolites and macromolecules can be detected, which might offer additional possibilities for quantification or give further insight into the composition of the traditional CEST Z-spectrum. Apparent magnetization-transfer effects on macromolecular signals in the 1H-MR spectrum have been found. Detailed knowledge of magnetization-transfer effects is also relevant for judging the influence of water-suppression on the quantification of metabolite signals.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Psychology
Additional Information:	This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Publisher:	Wiley
ISSN:	07403194
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	13 August 2021
Date of Acceptance:	7 October 2020
Last Modified:	03 May 2023 18:42
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/143359

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