Differential binding of sarilumab and tocilizumab to IL-6Rα and effects of receptor occupancy on clinical parameters

Xu, Christine, Rafique, Ashique, Potocky, Terra, Paccaly, Anne, Nolain, Patrick, Lu, Qiang, Iglesias-Rodriguez, Melitza, St John, Gregory, Nivens, Michael C., Kanamaluru, Vanaja, Fairhurst, Jeanette, Ishii, Tomonori, Maldonado, Rafael, Choy, Ernest ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-8609 and Emery, Paul 2021. Differential binding of sarilumab and tocilizumab to IL-6Rα and effects of receptor occupancy on clinical parameters. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 61 (5) , pp. 714-724. 10.1002/jcph.1795

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Abstract

We evaluated interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor-α subunit (IL-6Rα) signaling inhibition with sarilumab and tocilizumab, the association between IL-6Rα receptor occupancy (RO) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and the potential clinical relevance of any differences. For this, we measured IL-6Rα binding and signaling inhibition with sarilumab and tocilizumab in vitro, simulated soluble IL-6Rα RO over time for approved sarilumab subcutaneous (SC) and tocilizumab intravenous (IV) and SC doses, and assessed associations between calculated RO and CRP reduction, 28-joint Disease Activity Score based on CRP, and 20%/50%/70% improvement in American College of Rheumatology responses from clinical data. Sarilumab binds IL-6Rα in vitro with 15- to 22-fold higher affinity than tocilizumab, and inhibits IL-6–mediated classical and trans signaling via membrane-bound and soluble IL-6Rα. Sarilumab 200 and 150 mg SC every 2 weeks achieved >90% RO after first and second doses, respectively, maintained throughout the treatment period. At steady-state trough, RO was greater with sarilumab 200 mg (98%) and 150 mg SC every 2 weeks (94%), and tocilizumab 162 mg SC weekly (>99%) and 8 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks (99%), vs tocilizumab 162 mg SC every 2 weeks (84%) and 4 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks (60%). Higher RO was associated with greater CRP reduction and 28-joint Disease Activity Score based on CRP reduction, and more sarilumab patients achieving 20%/50%/70% improvement in American College of Rheumatology responses. The greatest reduction in CRP levels was observed with sarilumab (both doses) and tocilizumab 8 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks (reductions proportionally smaller with 4 mg/kg IV every 4 weeks). Higher IL-6Rα binding affinity translated into higher RO with sarilumab vs tocilizumab 4 mg/kg every 4 weeks or 162 mg every 2 weeks; tocilizumab required the higher dose or increased frequency to maintain the same degree of RO and CRP reduction. Higher RO was associated with clinical parameter improvements.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer) Children’s Social Care Research and Development Centre (CASCADE)
Publisher:	SAGE Publications
ISSN:	0091-2700
Date of Acceptance:	21 December 2020
Last Modified:	21 Nov 2024 12:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/143656

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