Kapitsinis, Nikolaos  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-9894
2021.
The underlying factors of excess mortality in 2020: a cross-country analysis of pre-pandemic healthcare conditions and strategies to cope with Covid-19.
BMC Health Services Research
21
, 1197.
10.1186/s12913-021-07169-7
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Abstract
Background Government responses to the pandemic varied in terms of timing, duration, and stringency, seeking to protect healthcare systems, whose pre-pandemic state varied significantly. Therefore, the severity of Covid-19 and, thus, excess mortality have been unequal across counties. This paper explores the geography of excess mortality and its underlying factors in 2020, highlighting the effects of health policies pre-pandemic and strategies devised by governments to cope with Covid-19. Methods Excess mortality is estimated for 79 high, medium and low-income countries. The factors of excess mortality are examined employing median quantile regression analysis. Results Health privatization, healthcare underfunding, and late implementation of containment and mitigation strategies were powerful drivers of excess mortality. By contrast, the results suggest a negative association of excess mortality with health expenditure, number of doctors and hospital beds, share of population covered by health insurance and test and trace capacity. Conclusions The evidence highlights the importance of sufficiently funded healthcare systems with universal access and strong primary healthcare in the battle against the pandemic. An early response to Covid-19, including borders’ controls and a strong test and trace capacity, could improve epidemiological surveillance and minimize excess mortality, with stringent and lengthy lockdowns not providing a significant benefit.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Date Type: | Published Online |
| Status: | Published |
| Schools: | Business (Including Economics) |
| Subjects: | G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation > G Geography (General) |
| Additional Information: | This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License |
| Publisher: | BioMed Central |
| ISSN: | 1472-6963 |
| Related URLs: | |
| Date of First Compliant Deposit: | 26 November 2021 |
| Date of Acceptance: | 11 October 2021 |
| Last Modified: | 13 May 2023 17:21 |
| URI: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/145355 |
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