Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Alkodaymi, Mohamad Salim, Omrani, Osama Ali, Fawzy, Nader A., Shaar, Bader Abou, Almamlouk, Raghed, Riaz, Muhammad ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5512-1745, Obeidat, Mustafa, Obeidat, Yasin, Gerberi, Dana, Taha, Rand M., Kashour, Zakaria, Kashour, Tarek, Berbari, Elie F., Alkattan, Khaled and Tleyjeh, Imad M. 2022. Prevalence of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome symptoms at different follow-up periods: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 28 (5) , pp. 657-666. 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.01.014

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Abstract

Background Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome is now recognized as a complex systemic disease that is associated with substantial morbidity. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of persistent symptoms and signs at least 12 weeks after acute COVID-19 at different follow-up periods. Data sources Searches were conducted up to October 2021 in Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, and PubMed. Study eligibility criteria Articles in English that reported the prevalence of persistent symptoms among individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and included at least 50 patients with a follow-up of at least 12 weeks after acute illness. Methods Random-effect meta-analysis was performed to produce pooled prevalence for each symptom at 4 different follow-up time intervals. Between-studies heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic and was explored via meta-regression, considering several a priori study level variables. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for prevalence studies and comparative studies, respectively. Results After screening 3209 studies, a total of 63 studies were eligible, with a total COVID-19 population of 257,348. The most commonly reported symptoms were fatigue, dyspnea, sleep disorder and concentration difficulty (32%, 25%, 24%, and 22% respectively at 3-<6 months follow-up), effort intolerance, fatigue, sleep disorder and dyspnea (45%, 36%, 29% and 25% respectively at 6-<9 months follow-up), fatigue (37%) and dyspnea (21%) at 9-<12 months and fatigue, dyspnea, sleep disorder, myalgia (41%, 31%, 30%, and 22% respectively at >12 months follow-up). There was substantial between-studies heterogeneity for all reported symptoms prevalence. Meta-regressions identified statistically significant effect modifiers: world region, male gender, diabetes mellitus, disease severity and overall study quality score. Five of six studies including a comparator group consisting of COVID-19 negative cases observed significant adjusted associations between COVID-19 and several long-term symptoms. Conclusions This systematic review found that a large proportion of patients experience PACS 3 to 12 months after recovery from the acute phase of COVD-19. However, available studies of PACS are highly heterogeneous. Future studies need to have appropriate comparator groups, standardized symptoms definitions and measurements and longer follow-up.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine Centre for Trials Research (CNTRR)
Publisher:	Wiley
ISSN:	1198-743X
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	18 February 2022
Date of Acceptance:	17 January 2022
Last Modified:	19 Apr 2024 18:42
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/147671

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