Clinical and genotypic analysis in determining dystonia non-motor phenotypic heterogeneity: a UK Biobank study

Wadon, Megan, Fenner, Eilidh, Kendall, Kimberley ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-6121, Bailey, Grace, Sandor, Cynthia ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8905-1052, Rees, Elliott ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6168-9222 and Peall, Kathryn J. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4749-4944 2022. Clinical and genotypic analysis in determining dystonia non-motor phenotypic heterogeneity: a UK Biobank study. Journal of Neurology 269 , pp. 6436-6451. 10.1007/s00415-022-11307-4

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Abstract

The spectrum of non-motor symptoms in dystonia remains unclear. Using UK Biobank data, we analysed clinical phenotypic and genetic information in the largest dystonia cohort reported to date. Case–control comparison of dystonia and matched control cohort was undertaken to identify domains (psychiatric, pain, sleep and cognition) of increased symptom burden in dystonia. Whole exome data were used to determine the rate and likely pathogenicity of variants in Mendelian inherited dystonia causing genes and linked to clinical data. Within the dystonia cohort, phenotypic and genetic single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were combined in a mixed model analysis to derive genetically informed phenotypic axes. A total of 1572 individuals with dystonia were identified, including cervical dystonia (n = 775), blepharospasm (n = 131), tremor (n = 488) and dystonia, unspecified (n = 154) groups. Phenotypic patterns highlighted a predominance of psychiatric symptoms (anxiety and depression), excess pain and sleep disturbance. Cognitive impairment was limited to prospective memory and fluid intelligence. Whole exome sequencing identified 798 loss of function variants in dystonia-linked genes, 67 missense variants (MPC > 3) and 305 other forms of non-synonymous variants (including inframe deletion, inframe insertion, stop loss and start loss variants). A single loss of function variant (ANO3) was identified in the dystonia cohort. Combined SNP and clinical data identified multiple genetically informed phenotypic axes with predominance of psychiatric, pain and sleep non-motor domains. An excess of psychiatric, pain and sleep symptoms were evident across all forms of dystonia. Combination with genetic data highlights phenotypic subgroups consistent with the heterogeneity observed in clinical practice.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Advanced Research Computing @ Cardiff (ARCCA) MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics (CNGG) Medicine Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI)
Additional Information:	This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
Publisher:	Springer
ISSN:	0340-5354
Funders:	MRC
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	25 July 2022
Date of Acceptance:	21 July 2022
Last Modified:	19 Jul 2024 15:12
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/151440

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