Vision function in children 10 years after grade 3 or 4 intraventricular haemorrhage with ventricular dilation: A masked prospective study

Williams, Cathy, Warnes, Penny, Jary, Sally, Young, Grace, Blair, Peter S., Benton, Christopher P., Miller, Helen, Whitelaw, Andrew, Pople, Ian, Luyt, Karen, Aquilina, Kristian, Lea, Charlotte, Odd, David ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6416-4966, Smith-Collins, Adam and Hollingworth, William 2022. Vision function in children 10 years after grade 3 or 4 intraventricular haemorrhage with ventricular dilation: A masked prospective study. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 65 (2) , pp. 223-231. 10.1111/dmcn.15294

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Abstract

Aim We examined children 10 to 11 years after grade 3 or 4 intraventricular haemorrhage and ventricular dilation (IVHVD) and investigated whether the grade of IVHVD affected their visual outcome. We explored associations between visual outcomes with cognitive outcomes and extra support at school. Method The visual examinations were part of a 10-year follow-up study for children in a randomized trial. Testers followed a protocol and were masked to whether the child had experienced grade 3 or grade 4 IVHVD and all other data. Results Thirty-two children were tested: 24 were male and mean (standard deviation) age was 10 years 5 months (1 year 2 months); range 8 years 9 months to 12 years 9 months. All had at least one visual impairment. The median (interquartile range) number of impairments per child was six (six to nine) for children who experienced a grade 4 IVHVD compared with three (two to four) for children who experienced a grade 3 IVHVD (p = 0.003). Each extra vision impairment per child was associated with increased educational support at school, after adjustment for developmental age equivalence (odds ratio = 1.7 [95% confidence interval 1.1–2.6], p = 0.015). Interpretation Children who experience grade 3 or 4 IVHVD have a high level of visual morbidity at age 10 to 11 years. These children may have unmet visual needs and their outcomes might improve if these needs could be addressed. What this paper adds Parent-reported questionnaire responses underestimated directly assessed visual morbidity. Grade 4 intraventricular haemorrhage and ventricular dilatation (IVHVD) was followed by more vision impairments than grade 3 IVHVD. Simple tests of visual perceptual skills correlated with the neuropsychology tests. Children with supranuclear eye movement disorders were more likely to be receiving extra help at school. Each additional visual impairment increased the likelihood of extra educational support.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Publisher:	Wiley
ISSN:	0012-1622
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	28 March 2023
Date of Acceptance:	22 April 2022
Last Modified:	29 Jun 2023 10:21
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/158012

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