Broadband quantum enhancement of the LIGO detectors with frequency-dependent squeezing

Ganapathy, D., Jia, W., Nakano, M., Xu, V., Aritomi, N., Cullen, T., Kijbunchoo, N., Dwyer, S.E., Mullavey, A., McCuller, L., Abbott, R., Abouelfettouh, I., Adhikari, R.X., Ananyeva, A., Appert, S., Arai, K., Aston, S.M., Ball, M., Ballmer, S.W., Barker, D., Barsotti, L., Berger, B.K., Betzwieser, J., Bhattacharjee, D., Billingsley, G., Biscans, S., Bode, N., Bonilla, E., Bossilkov, V., Branch, A., Brooks, A.F., Brown, D.D., Bryant, J., Cahillane, C., Cao, H., Capote, E., Clara, F., Collins, J., Compton, C.M., Cottingham, R., Coyne, D.C., Crouch, R., Csizmazia, J., Dartez, L.P., Demos, N., Dohmen, E., Driggers, J.C., Effler, A., Ejlli, A., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Feicht, J., Frey, R., Frischhertz, W., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V.V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gateley, B., Giaime, J.A., Giardina, K.D., Glanzer, J., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Goodwin-Jones, A.W., Gras, S., Gray, C., Griffith, D., Grote, H. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0797-3943, Guidry, T., Hall, E.D., Hanks, J., Hanson, J., Heintze, M.C., Helmling-Cornell, A.F., Holland, N.A., Hoyland, D., Huang, H.Y., Inoue, Y., James, A.L., Jennings, A., Karat, S., Karki, S., Kasprzack, M., Kawabe, K., King, P.J., Kissel, J.S., Komori, K., Kontos, A., Kumar, R., Kuns, K., Landry, M., Lantz, B., Laxen, M., Lee, K., Lesovsky, M., Llamas, F., Lormand, M., Loughlin, H.A., Macas, R., MacInnis, M., Makarem, C.N., Mannix, B., Mansell, G.L., Martin, R.M., Mason, K., Matichard, F., Mavalvala, N., Maxwell, N., McCarrol, G., McCarthy, R., McClelland, D.E., McCormick, S., McRae, T., Mera, F., Merilh, E.L., Meylahn, F., Mittleman, R., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Nelson, T.J.N., Neunzert, A., Notte, J., Oberling, J., O'Hanlon, T., Osthelder, C., Ottaway, D.J., Overmier, H., Parker, W., Pele, A., Pham, H., Pirello, M., Quetschke, V., Ramirez, K.E., Reyes, J., Richardson, J.W., Robinson, M., Rollins, J.G., Romel, C.L., Romie, J.H., Ross, M.P., Ryan, K., Sadecki, T., Sanchez, A., Sanchez, E.J., Sanchez, L.E., Savage, R.L., Schaetzl, D., Schiworski, M.G., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R.M.S., Schwartz, E., Sellers, D., Shaffer, T., Short, R.W., Sigg, D., Slagmolen, B.J.J., Soike, C., Soni, S., Srivastava, V., Sun, L., Tanner, D.B., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K.A., Torrie, C.I., Traylor, G., Ubhi, A.S., Vajente, G., Vanosky, J., Vecchio, A., Veitch, P.J., Vibhute, A.M., von Reis, E.R.G., Warner, J., Weaver, B., Weiss, R., Whittle, C., Willke, B., Wipf, C.C., Yamamoto, H., Zhang, L. and Zucker, M.E. 2023. Broadband quantum enhancement of the LIGO detectors with frequency-dependent squeezing. Physical Review X 13 (4) , 041021. 10.1103/PhysRevX.13.041021

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Abstract

Quantum noise imposes a fundamental limitation on the sensitivity of interferometric gravitational-wave detectors like LIGO, manifesting as shot noise and quantum radiation pressure noise. Here, we present the first realization of frequency-dependent squeezing in full-scale gravitational-wave detectors, resulting in the reduction of both shot noise and quantum radiation pressure noise, with broadband detector enhancement from tens of hertz to several kilohertz. In the LIGO Hanford detector, squeezing reduced the detector noise amplitude by a factor of 1.6 (4.0 dB) near 1 kHz; in the Livingston detector, the noise reduction was a factor of 1.9 (5.8 dB). These improvements directly impact LIGO’s scientific output for high-frequency sources (e.g., binary neutron star postmerger physics). The improved low-frequency sensitivity, which boosted the detector range by 15%–18% with respect to no squeezing, corresponds to an increase in the astrophysical detection rate of up to 65%. Frequency-dependent squeezing was enabled by the addition of a 300-meter-long filter cavity to each detector as part of the LIGO A + upgrade.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Physics and Astronomy
Publisher:	American Physical Society
ISSN:	2160-3308
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	5 December 2023
Date of Acceptance:	6 September 2023
Last Modified:	06 Jan 2024 04:12
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/164514

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