Application of the Wilson-Richmond categorisation tool on three-dimensional facial scans of a population of 12-year old Welsh children

Hamilton, S., Wilson, C., Richmond, S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5449-5318, Playle, R. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2989-1092 and Toma, A. 2023. Application of the Wilson-Richmond categorisation tool on three-dimensional facial scans of a population of 12-year old Welsh children. Biomedical Journal of Scientific and Technical Research 50 (4) , pp. 41958-41966. 10.26717/BJSTR.2023.50.007997

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Abstract

Objective: To determine the reproducibility and reliability of the Wilson-Richmond categorisation tool in the assessment of lip morphology and to demonstrate its use in a 12-year old Welsh population. Setting and Sample Population: 50 subjects age 12 (27 male and 23 female) of Caucasian origin selected from two large comprehensive schools in South Wales (UK) as part of a growth study. Material & Methods: Images of the subjects obtained by laser stereophoto-grammetry were assessed using the Wilson-Richmond categorisation tool in order to evaluate the perioral region from a topographical perspective. Results: The Wilson-Richmond categorisation tool demonstrated high levels (70 -100%) of both intra and inter-examiner reliability. The lower double ver-million border and the philtrum width proved to be the most reliable and re-producible categories (85-100% agreement). The least reliable were the lower vermillion contour and lip-chin shape in both the intra and inter-examiner groups (70 -78% agreement). This study found that some morphological features in this 12-year old Welsh population differed in prevalence compared to previously reported Figure. Conclusion: This study has shown that the Wilson-Richmond categorisation tool is both a reproducible and reliable method of lip morphology assessment. The morphological traits of a 12-year old Welsh population have been reported and further research on this population will highlight the normal morphological changes of the lips associated with growth.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
ISSN:	2574-1241
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	7 January 2024
Date of Acceptance:	30 May 2023
Last Modified:	08 Jan 2024 12:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/165333

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