Pharmacotherapy for sleep disturbances in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a network meta-analysis

Lappas, Andreas S., Glarou, Eleni ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5666-2458, Polyzopoulou, Zoi A., Goss, Grace, Huhn, Maximillian, Samara, Myrto T. and Christodoulou, Nikos G. 2024. Pharmacotherapy for sleep disturbances in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a network meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine 119 , pp. 467-479. 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.032

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Abstract

Background: Sleep disturbances are an important symptom dimension of post-traumatic-stress-disorder (PTSD). There is no meta-analytic evidence examining the effects of all types of pharmacotherapy on sleep outcomes among patients with PTSD. Methods: Medline/Embase/PsychInfo/CENTRAL/clinicaltrials.gov/ICTRP, reference lists of published reviews and all included studies were searched for Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) examining any pharmacotherapy vs. placebo or any other drug among patients with PTSD. Primary outcomes: total sleep time, nightmares, sleep quality. Secondary outcomes: sleep onset latency, number of nocturnal awakenings, time spent awake following sleep onset, dropouts due to sleep-related adverse-effects, insomnia/somnolence/vivid-dreams as adverse-effects. Pairwise and network meta-analysis were performed. Results: 99 RCTs with 10481 participants were included. Prazosin may be the most effective treatment for insomnia (SMD=-0.88, 95%CI =[-1.22;-0.54], nightmares (SMD=-0.44, 95%CI=[-0.84;-0.04]) and poor sleep quality (SMD=-0.55, 95%CI=[-1.01;-0.10]). Evidence is scarce and indicates lack of efficacy for SSRIs, Mirtazapine, z-drugs and benzodiazepines, which are widely used in daily practice. . Risperidone and Quetiapine carry a high risk of causing somnolence without having a clear therapeutic benefit. Hydroxyzine, Trazodone, Nabilone, Paroxetine and MDMA-assisted psychotherapy may be promising options, but more research is needed. Conclusions: Underpowered individual comparisons and very-low to moderate confidence in effect estimates hinder the generalisability of the results. More RCTs, specifically reporting on sleep-related outcomes, are urgently needed.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: Title: This article is under embargo with an end date yet to be finalised.
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	1389-9457
Date of Acceptance:	14 May 2024
Last Modified:	23 Jul 2024 10:37
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/169124

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