Glycosaminoglycans' for brain health: Harnessing glycosaminoglycan based biomaterials for treating central nervous system diseases and in-vitro modeling

Evans, Austin D., Pournoori, Negin, Saksala, Emmi and Oommen, Oommen P. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2768-0133 2024. Glycosaminoglycans' for brain health: Harnessing glycosaminoglycan based biomaterials for treating central nervous system diseases and in-vitro modeling. Biomaterials 309 , 122629. 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122629

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Abstract

Dysfunction of the central nervous system (CNS) following traumatic brain injuries (TBI), spinal cord injuries (SCI), or strokes remains challenging to address using existing medications and cell-based therapies. Although therapeutic cell administration, such as stem cells and neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs), have shown promise in regenerative properties, they have failed to provide substantial benefits. However, the development of living cortical tissue engineered grafts, created by encapsulating these cells within an extracellular matrix (ECM) mimetic hydrogel scaffold, presents a promising functional replacement for damaged cortex in cases of stroke, SCI, and TBI. These grafts facilitate neural network repair and regeneration following CNS injuries. Given that natural glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a major constituent of the CNS, GAG-based hydrogels hold potential for the next generation of CNS healing therapies and in vitro modeling of CNS diseases. Brain-specific GAGs not only offer structural and biochemical signaling support to encapsulated neural cells but also modulate the inflammatory response in lesioned brain tissue, facilitating host integration and regeneration. This review briefly discusses different roles of GAGs and their related proteoglycan counterparts in healthy and diseases brain and explores current trends and advancements in GAG-based biomaterials for treating CNS injuries and modeling diseases. Additionally, it examines injectable, 3D bioprintable, and conductive GAG-based scaffolds, highlighting their clinical potential for in vitro modeling of patient-specific neural dysfunction and their ability to enhance CNS regeneration and repair following CNS injury in vivo.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Pharmacy
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0142-9612
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	4 July 2024
Date of Acceptance:	19 May 2024
Last Modified:	08 Jul 2024 09:00
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/170267

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