| Falco, Enzo, Garda, Emanuele and Shahab, Sina  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-2564
      2025.
      
      Transaction costs of implementing the transfer of development rights program in Milan.
      Planning Practice and Research
      40
      
        (1)
      
      , pp. 103-121.
      
      10.1080/02697459.2024.2413828 Item availability restricted. | 
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      Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/02697459.2024.2413828
    
  
  
    Abstract
Transfer of development rights (TDR) programs have been used in Italy over the last two decades for various purposes, e.g. to avoid expropriation. While previous research shows that implementing TDR programs at a regional level creates considerable transaction costs, there is no study concerning the costs generated by employing these programs at a city level. This paper addresses this gap through an analysis of the city of Milan’s TDR program. Results show that transaction costs in a fully market-based TDR program are mainly related to TDR contracting, monitoring and creation, influencing the efficacy of the program.
| Item Type: | Article | 
|---|---|
| Date Type: | Publication | 
| Status: | Published | 
| Schools: | Schools > Geography and Planning (GEOPL) | 
| Publisher: | Taylor and Francis Group | 
| ISSN: | 0269-7459 | 
| Date of First Compliant Deposit: | 8 October 2024 | 
| Date of Acceptance: | 4 October 2024 | 
| Last Modified: | 10 Jan 2025 11:15 | 
| URI: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/172675 | 
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