Reconstructing the genealogy of LIGO-Virgo black holes

Mahapatra, Parthapratim, Chattopadhyay, Debatri, Gupta, Anuradha, Antonini, Fabio ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-6199, Favata, Marc, Sathyaprakash, B. S. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3845-7586 and Arun, K. G. 2024. Reconstructing the genealogy of LIGO-Virgo black holes. The Astrophysical Journal 975 (1) , 117. 10.3847/1538-4357/ad781b

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Abstract

We propose a Bayesian inference framework to predict the merger history of LIGO-Virgo binary black holes (BHs), whose binary components may have undergone hierarchical mergers in the past. The framework relies on numerical relativity predictions for the mass, spin, and kick velocity of the remnant BHs. This proposed framework computes the masses, spins, and kicks imparted to the remnant of the parent binaries, given the initial masses and spin magnitudes of the binary constituents. We validate our approach by performing an “injection study” based on a constructed sequence of hierarchically formed binaries. Noise is added to the final binary in the sequence, and the parameters of the “parent” and “grandparent” binaries in the merger chain are then reconstructed. This method is then applied to three GWTC-3 events: GW190521, GW200220_061928, and GW190426_190642. These events were selected because at least one of the binary companions lies in the putative pair-instability supernova mass gap, in which stellar processes alone cannot produce BHs. Hierarchical mergers offer a natural explanation for the formation of BHs in the pair-instability mass gap. We use the backward evolution framework to predict the parameters of the parents of the primary companion of these three binaries. For instance, the parent binary of GW190521 has masses 72−22+32M⊙ and 31−23+24M⊙ within the 90% credible interval. Astrophysical environments with escape speeds ≥100 km s−1 are preferred sites to host these events. Our approach can be readily applied to future high-mass gravitational wave events to predict their formation history under the hierarchical merger assumption.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Physics and Astronomy
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Type: cc-by
Publisher:	American Astronomical Society
ISSN:	0004-637X
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 October 2024
Date of Acceptance:	4 September 2024
Last Modified:	30 Oct 2024 10:16
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/173522

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