China's twin strategic development of iron-ore imports along the maritime silk road: Economic security and decarbonization of maritime industry

Tae-Woo Lee, Paul, Song, Zhao-Yu, Chhetri, Prem and Shin, Sung-Ho 2025. China's twin strategic development of iron-ore imports along the maritime silk road: Economic security and decarbonization of maritime industry. Ocean & Coastal Management 260 , 107483. 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107483

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Abstract

This paper aims to analyze China's iron import trade patterns and estimate transportation costs of iron-ore from Australia and Brazil. A twin strategic framework of iron-ore imports from the perspective of economic security and decarbonization of maritime industry is proposed to overcome geographical disadvantage for Brazilian iron-ore suppliers. Augmenting capacity through the deployment of ChinaMax with 400,000 DWT to leverage from economies of scale (so-called economic security strategy) and establishing the longest Green Shipping Corridor (GSC) (so-called decarbonization strategy) are recommended. This will enable Brazil to utilize zero-emission ships that consume green (alternative) fuels. The GSC strategy with zero-emission ships is innovative yet challenging to decarbonize Brazilian Iron-Ore Supply Chain through backward and forward linkage effects. The integration of cost estimation methods with political economy arguments to maintain a balance between China's strategic interest and economic value addition with decarbonization, and maritime security of raw material resources is future proof to business disruptions. The paper concludes by proposing a strategic framework discussion and strategic insights for China.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Business (Including Economics)
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, Start Date: 2026-11-23
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0964-5691
Date of Acceptance:	9 November 2024
Last Modified:	26 Nov 2024 16:15
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/174314

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