Age-dependent phenotypes of cognitive impairment as sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Gonzalez Aleman, Gabriela, Vavougios, George D., Tartaglia, Carmela, Uvais, Nalakath A., Guekht, Alla, Hosseini, Akram A., Lo Re, Vincenzina, Ferreccio, Catterina, D'Avossa, Giovanni, Zamponi, Hernan P., Figueredo Aguiar, Mariana, Yecora, Agustin, Ul Haq Katshu, Mohammad Zia, Stavrou, Vasileios T., Boutlas, Stylianos, Gourgoulianis, Konstantinos I., Botero, Camila, González Insúa, Francisco, Perez-Lloret, Santiago, Zinchuk, Mikhail, Gersamija, Anna, Popova, Sofya, Bryzgalova, Yulia, Sviatskaya, Ekaterina, Russelli, Giovanna, Avorio, Federica, Wang, Sophia, Edison, Paul, Niimi, Yoshiki, Sohrabi, Hamid R., Mukaetova Ladinska, Elizabeta B., Neidre, Daria and de Erausquin, Gabriel A. 2025. Age-dependent phenotypes of cognitive impairment as sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 16 , 1432357. 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1432357

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Abstract

Cognitive changes associated with PASC may not be uniform across populations. We conducted individual-level pooled analyses and meta-analyses of cognitive assessments from eight prospective cohorts, comprising 2,105 patients and 1,432 controls from Argentina, Canada, Chile, Greece, India, Italy, Russia, and the UK. The meta-analysis found no differences by country of origin. The profile and severity of cognitive impairment varied by age, with mild attentional impairment observed in young and middle-aged adults, but memory, language, and executive function impairment in older adults. The risk of moderate to severe impairment doubled in older adults. Moderately severe or severe impairment was significantly associated with infection diagnoses (chi-square = 26.57, p ≤ 0.0001) and the severity of anosmia (chi-square = 31.81, p ≤ 0.0001). We found distinct age-related phenotypes of cognitive impairment in patients recovering from COVID-19. We identified the severity of acute illness and the presence of olfactory dysfunction as the primary predictors of dementia-like impairment in older adults.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Medicine
Publisher:	Frontiers Media
ISSN:	1663-4365
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	3 February 2025
Date of Acceptance:	28 October 2024
Last Modified:	04 Feb 2025 12:15
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/175848

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