Sleep neuroimaging: Review and future directions

Pereira, Mariana, Chen, Xinyuan, Paltarzhytskaya, Anastasiya, Pacheсo, Yibran, Muller, Nils, Bovy, Leonore, Lei, Xu, Chen, Wei, Ren, Haoran, Song, Chen ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5418-5747, Lewis, Laura D., Dang‐Vu, Thien Thanh, Czisch, Michael, Picchioni, Dante, Duyn, Jeff, Peigneux, Philippe, Tagliazucchi, Enzo and Dresler, Martin 2025. Sleep neuroimaging: Review and future directions. Journal of Sleep Research 10.1111/jsr.14462

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Abstract

SummarySleep research has evolved considerably since the first sleep electroencephalography recordings in the 1930s and the discovery of well‐distinguishable sleep stages in the 1950s. While electrophysiological recordings have been used to describe the sleeping brain in much detail, since the 1990s neuroimaging techniques have been applied to uncover the brain organization and functional connectivity of human sleep with greater spatial resolution. The combination of electroencephalography with different neuroimaging modalities such as positron emission tomography, structural magnetic resonance imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging imposes several challenges for sleep studies, for instance, the need to combine polysomnographic recordings to assess sleep stages accurately, difficulties maintaining and consolidating sleep in an unfamiliar and restricted environment, scanner‐induced distortions with physiological artefacts that may contaminate polysomnography recordings, and the necessity to account for all physiological changes throughout the sleep cycles to ensure better data interpretability. Here, we review the field of sleep neuroimaging in healthy non‐sleep‐deprived populations, from early findings to more recent developments. Additionally, we discuss the challenges of applying concurrent electroencephalography and imaging techniques to sleep, which consequently have impacted the sample size and generalizability of studies, and possible future directions for the field.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	In Press
Schools:	Schools > Psychology
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, Start Date: 2025-02-12
Publisher:	Wiley
ISSN:	0962-1105
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	24 February 2025
Date of Acceptance:	29 December 2024
Last Modified:	24 Feb 2025 16:00
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/176431

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