Service-oriented multi-stakeholder collaborative network optimization for EoL batteries recycling

Zhu, Yuhao, Yan, Wei, Liang, Xiaolei, Zhang, Xumei, Jiang, Zhigang, Liu, Ying ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9319-5940 and Lei, Jie 2025. Service-oriented multi-stakeholder collaborative network optimization for EoL batteries recycling. Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal 10.1007/s10696-025-09609-6 Item availability restricted.

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Abstract

The recycling service of end-of-life (EoL) batteries plays a vital role in the new energy vehicle industry, while recycling network provides essential infrastructure for these services. Under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), several stakeholders, such as electric vehicle (EV) and electric vehicle battery (EVB) manufacturers, are expected to act as service providers and contribute to the development of recycling networks. However, single-stakeholder networks often encounter significant challenges in achieving optimal recovery benefits, due to the scattered recycling channels, inadequate disposal technologies, and inherent complexity and variability of batteries. To address these issues, this paper proposes an EoL batteries recycling network optimization method considering the collaboration between EV and EVB manufacturers. Firstly, the characteristics of EoL battery recycling network involving different stakeholders are analyzed. Secondly, a comprehensive model integrating economic costs, carbon emission costs and uncertain variables of EoL batteries is established. Moreover, the mean search and elite mutation-based PSO (MEPSO) algorithm is employed to solve the model. Finally, the feasibility and superiority of the proposed approach are verified through empirical case studies. The results indicate that the collaborative recycling network achieves wider nodes coverage and reduces costs by 9.2 and 5.5% compared to the single-stakeholder networks dominated by EV or EVB manufacturers, respectively. Additionally, our findings reveal that EV manufacturers tend to concentrate in earlier stages, whereas EVB manufacturers are more involved in later phases in the supply chain. These insights have profound implications for improving EoL battery recycling services, particularly in fostering integrated supply chain management and coordination.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	In Press
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Publisher:	Springer
ISSN:	1936-6582
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	24 March 2025
Date of Acceptance:	11 March 2025
Last Modified:	23 Apr 2025 11:15
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/177108

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