Grid forming converters in renewable energy sources dominated power grid: control strategy, stability, application, and challenges

Zhang, Haobo, Xiang, Wang, Lin, Weixing and Wen, Jinyu 2021. Grid forming converters in renewable energy sources dominated power grid: control strategy, stability, application, and challenges. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 9 (6) , pp. 1239-1256. 10.35833/MPCE.2021.000257

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Abstract

The renewable energy sources (RESs) dominated power grid is an envisaged infrastructure of the future power system, where the commonly used grid following (GFL) control for grid-tied converters suffers from lacking grid support capability, low stability, etc. Recently, emerging grid forming (GFM) control methods have been proposed to improve the dynamic performance and stability of grid-tied converters. This paper reviews existing GFM control methods for the grid-tied converters and compares them in terms of control structure, grid support capability, fault current limiting, and stability. Considering the impact of fault current limiting strategies, a comprehensive transient stability analysis is provided. In addition, this paper explores the typical applications of GFM converters, such as AC microgrid and offshore wind farm high-voltage direct current (OWF-HVDC) integration systems. Finally, the challenges to the GFM converters in future applications are discussed.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Engineering ?? AHVER ??
Publisher:	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
ISSN:	2196-5625
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	30 July 2025
Date of Acceptance:	5 October 2021
Last Modified:	30 Jul 2025 15:00
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/180057

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