Artificial intelligence in materials science and engineering: Current landscape, key challenges, and future trajectories

Pievaste, Iman, Belouettar, Salim, Mercuri, Francesco, Fantuzzi, Nicholas, Dehghani, Hamidreza, Izadi, Razieh, Ibrahim, Halliru, Lengiewicz, Jakub, Belouettar-Mathis, Maël, Bendine, Kouider, Makradi, Ahmed, Hörsch, Martin, Klein, Peter, Hachemi, Mohamed El, Preisig, Heinz A., Rezgui, Yacine ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5711-8400, Konchakova, Natalia and Daouadji, Ali 2025. Artificial intelligence in materials science and engineering: Current landscape, key challenges, and future trajectories. Composite Structures , 119419. 10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119419 Item availability restricted.

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Abstract

Artificial Intelligence is rapidly transforming materials science and engineering, offering powerful tools to navigate complexity, accelerate discovery, and optimize material design in ways previously unattainable. Driven by the accelerating pace of algorithmic advancements and increasing data availability, AI is becoming an essential competency for materials researchers. This review provides a comprehensive and structured overview of the current landscape, synthesizing recent advancements and methodologies for materials scientists seeking to effectively leverage these data-driven techniques. We survey the spectrum of machine learning approaches, from traditional algorithms to advanced deep learning architectures, including CNNs, GNNs, and Transformers, alongside emerging generative AI and probabilistic models such as Gaussian Processes for uncertainty quantification. The review also examines the pivotal role of data in this field, emphasizing how effective representation and featurization strategies, spanning compositional, structural, image-based, and language-inspired approaches, combined with appropriate preprocessing, fundamentally underpin the performance of machine learning models in materials research. Persistent challenges related to data quality, quantity, and standardization, which critically impact model development and application in materials science and engineering, are also addressed. Key applications are discussed across the materials lifecycle, including property prediction at multiple scales, high-throughput virtual screening, inverse design, process optimization, data extraction by large language models, and sustainability assessment. Critical challenges such as model interpretability, generalizability, and scalability are addressed, alongside promising future directions involving hybrid physics-ML models, autonomous experimentation, collaborative platforms, and human-AI synergy.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	In Press
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0263-8223
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	31 July 2025
Date of Acceptance:	23 June 2025
Last Modified:	31 Jul 2025 09:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/180176

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