Robertson, David S, Burnett, Thomas, Choodari-Oskooei, Babak, Dimairo, Munya, Grayling, Michael, Pallmann, Philip  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8274-9696 and Jaki, Thomas
2025.
Confidence intervals for adaptive trial designs I: a methodological review.
Statistics in Medicine
44
(18-19)
, e70174.
10.1002/sim.70174
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Abstract
Regulatory guidance notes the need for caution in the interpretation of confidence intervals (CIs) constructed during and after an adaptive clinical trial. Conventional CIs of the treatment effects are prone to undercoverage (as well as other undesirable properties) in many adaptive designs (ADs) because they do not take into account the potential and realized trial adaptations. This paper is the first in a two-part series that explores CIs for adaptive trials. It provides a comprehensive review of the methods to construct CIs for ADs, while the second paper illustrates how to implement these in practice and proposes a set of guidelines for trial statisticians. We describe several classes of techniques for constructing CIs for adaptive clinical trials before providing a systematic literature review of available methods, classified by the type of AD. As part of this, we assess, through a proposed traffic light system, which of several desirable features of CIs (such as achieving nominal coverage and consistency with the hypothesis test decision) each of these methods holds.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Date Type: | Publication |
| Status: | In Press |
| Schools: | Schools > Medicine Research Institutes & Centres > Centre for Trials Research (CNTRR) |
| ISSN: | 0277-6715 |
| Date of First Compliant Deposit: | 9 August 2025 |
| Date of Acceptance: | 6 June 2025 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Aug 2025 14:00 |
| URI: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/180318 |
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