Draman, Mohd Shazli, Zhang, Lei, Dayan, Colin  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6557-3462 and Ludgate, Marian
2021.
Orbital signaling in Graves' orbitopathy.
Frontiers in Endocrinology
12
, 739994.
10.3389/fendo.2021.739994
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Abstract
Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a complex and poorly understood disease in which extensive remodeling of orbital tissue is dominated by adipogenesis and hyaluronan production. The resulting proptosis is disfiguring and underpins the majority of GO signs and symptoms. While there is strong evidence for the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) being a thyroid/orbit shared autoantigen, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) is also likely to play a key role in the disease. The pathogenesis of GO has been investigated extensively in the last decade with further understanding of some aspects of the disease. This is mainly derived by using in vitro and ex vivo analysis of the orbital tissues. Here, we have summarized the features of GO pathogenesis involving target autoantigens and their signaling pathways.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Status: | Published |
| Schools: | Schools > Medicine |
| Publisher: | Frontiers Media |
| ISSN: | 1664-2392 |
| Date of First Compliant Deposit: | 1 September 2025 |
| Date of Acceptance: | 21 October 2021 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Sep 2025 15:00 |
| URI: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/180789 |
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