Energy management and power distribution for battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicles with regenerative braking control

Ahmed, Abdelsalam A., Lee, Young Il, Al Dawsari, Saleh, Diab, Ahmed A. Zaki and Ezzat, Abdelsalam A. 2025. Energy management and power distribution for battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicles with regenerative braking control. Mathematical and Computational Applications 30 (4) , 82. 10.3390/mca30040082

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Abstract

This paper presents an advanced energy management system (EMS) for optimizing power distribution in a battery/ultracapacitor (UC) hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed EMS accounts for all energy flow scenarios within a practical driving cycle. A regenerative braking control strategy is developed to maximize kinetic energy recovery using an induction motor, efficiently distributing the recovered energy between the UC and battery. Additionally, a power flow management approach is introduced for both motoring (discharge) and braking (charge) operations via bidirectional buck–boost DC-DC converters. In discharge mode, an optimal distribution factor is dynamically adjusted to balance power delivery between the battery and UC, maximizing efficiency. During charging, a DC link voltage control mechanism prioritizes UC charging over the battery, reducing stress and enhancing energy recovery efficiency. The proposed EMS is validated through simulations and experiments, demonstrating significant improvements in vehicle acceleration, energy efficiency, and battery lifespan.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Publisher:	MDPI
ISSN:	1300-686X
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	1 October 2025
Date of Acceptance:	31 July 2025
Last Modified:	01 Oct 2025 13:05
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/181432

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