Exploring the potential of ammonia as a fuel: Advances in combustion understanding and large-scale furnace applications

Eckart, Sven, Salzano, Ernesto, Richter, Andreas, Alnajideen, Mohammad ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9408-6893, Valera Medina, Agustin ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1580-7133, Shrestha, Krishna Prasad, Yasiry, Ahmed, Wang, Jinhua, Bauer, Florian, Yu, Chunkan, Krause, Hartmut and Pio, Gianmaria 2025. Exploring the potential of ammonia as a fuel: Advances in combustion understanding and large-scale furnace applications. Fuel: The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy , 136746. 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.136746

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Abstract

From an environmental standpoint, carbon-free energy carriers such as ammonia and hydrogen are essential for future energy systems. However, their high-temperature chemical behavior remains insufficiently understood, posing challenges for the development and optimization of advanced combustion technologies. Ammonia, in particular, is globally available and cost-effective, especially for energy-intensive industries. The addition of ammonia or hydrogen to methane significantly reduces the accuracy of existing predictive models. Therefore, validated and detailed data are urgently needed to enable reliable design and performance predictions. This review highlights the compatibility of ammonia with existing combustion infrastructure, facilitating a smoother transition to more sustainable heating methods without the need for entirely new systems. Applications in high-temperature heating processes, such as metal processing, ceramics and glass production, and power generation, are of particular interest.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	In Press
Schools:	Schools > Engineering
Publisher:	Elsevier
ISSN:	0016-2361
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	6 October 2025
Date of Acceptance:	3 September 2025
Last Modified:	06 Oct 2025 14:15
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/181493

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