Sub-states in transition: Changing patterns of EU paradiplomacy in Scotland and Wales, 1992-2021

Minto, Rachel ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0040-3198, Rowe, Carolyn and Royles, Elin 2025. Sub-states in transition: Changing patterns of EU paradiplomacy in Scotland and Wales, 1992-2021. Antunes, Sandrina, Cornago, Noé, Rowe, Carolyn and Minto, Rachel, eds. Between cooperation and conflict: Strategies of regional mobilization towards the EU, Abingdon: Routledge,

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Abstract

This article sheds new light on the dynamics of Scottish and Welsh relations with the European Union (EU). We analyse the development of Scotland and Wales’s ‘paradiplomacy’ over a 30-year period (1992–2021), offering the first comprehensive analysis of the EU-focused activities of sub-states transitioning out of the EU. We identify the significance of the interplay between a territory’s formal constitutional position and differences in party politics across levels of government in shaping paradiplomacy. Increasing tensions between the UK and devolved governments regarding the UK’s EU withdrawal have reinforced conflict dynamics, including in the context of growing protodiplomacy from the Scottish Nationalist Party (SNP) government.

Item Type:	Book Section
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Cardiff Law & Politics Research Institutes & Centres > Wales Governance Centre (WGCES)
Publisher:	Routledge
ISBN:	9781003674450
Funders:	Coppieters
Last Modified:	14 Nov 2025 14:15
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/182395

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