A large, long-lived, slowly-expanding superbubble across the Perseus arm

Chen, Bingqiu, Li, Guangxing, Yuan, Haibo, Xiang, Maosheng, Zhou, Jixuan, Chen, Pinjian, Krause, Martin and Coombs, Ashley 2025. A large, long-lived, slowly-expanding superbubble across the Perseus arm. Nature Communications 16 (1) , 10558. 10.1038/s41467-025-65591-5

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Abstract

Stellar feedback is a crucial mechanism in galactic evolution, as demonstrated by the widespread bubbles observed with JWST. In this study, we combine data from Gaia and LAMOST to obtain a sample of young O-B2 stars with full three-dimensional velocity information. Focusing on the largest known superbubble in the Milky Way, we identify groups of O-B2 stars at its periphery, exhibiting a transverse velocity of 25.8 km s−1 and an expansion velocity of 6.2 km s−1. Using these velocities, we calculate a crossing time tcross ≈ 20 Myr and an expansion timescale texpansion ≈ 80 Myr. We estimate a survival timescale tsurvival ≈ 250 Myr and a supernova interval tSN≈0.1 Myr. Together with the Galactic shear timescale tshear ≈ 30 Myr, these values satisfy tSN

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Published Online
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Physics and Astronomy
Additional Information:	License information from Publisher: LICENSE 1: URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, Type: open-access
Publisher:	Nature Research
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	3 December 2025
Date of Acceptance:	17 October 2025
Last Modified:	03 Dec 2025 11:15
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/182862

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