Climate policy portfolios that accelerate emission reductions

Arvanitopoulos, Theodoros, Bulian, Simon, Wilson, Charlie, Jordan, Andrew J., Tosun, Jale and Vasilakos, Nicholas 2025. Climate policy portfolios that accelerate emission reductions. Nature Communications Item availability restricted.

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Abstract

The corpus of national climate policies continues to grow - but to what effect? Using data on 3,917 policy instruments across 43 OECD countries and major emerging economies from 2000-2022, we show that national climate policy portfolios specializing in instrument types and sectors are associated with faster reductions in fossil CO2 emission intensity. Supported by exemplar country case studies, we also provide quantitative evidence that the effectiveness of climate policy is amplified by long-term emission reduction targets and the presence of dedicated governmental bodies including ministries and intergovernmental organisations. The cumulative effect of all climate policy portfolios over our study period amounts to 3.1 GtCO2 fewer emissions in 2022 relative to a no-policy counterfactual - substantially less than what’s needed to stay on track for the Paris Agreement goals.

Item Type:	Article
Status:	In Press
Schools:	Schools > Business (Including Economics)
Publisher:	Nature Research
Date of First Compliant Deposit:	5 December 2025
Date of Acceptance:	26 November 2025
Last Modified:	05 Dec 2025 09:15
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/182908

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