Gonad contact shielding practices in digital radiography in emergency units in Kuwait: A cross-sectional survey

Busakher, H. and Linehan, M. 2026. Gonad contact shielding practices in digital radiography in emergency units in Kuwait: A cross-sectional survey. Radiography 32 (1) , 103256. 10.1016/j.radi.2025.103256

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Abstract

ntroduction Gonadal contact shielding (GCS) is contentious due to evolving guidelines such as the European consensus and other major international bodies, and technological advancements. This study assesses Kuwait's radiographers' practices, knowledge, and perceptions of GCS in emergency departments (ED) exploring how education, professional experience, and patient demographics influence adherence to GCS guidelines. The aim is to identify current perceptions, knowledge and practices of radiographers in Kuwait regarding GCS and its use in DR. Methods An online, cross-sectional survey of radiographers working in public hospitals ED in Kuwait was undertaken. Data was analysed using SPSS 26, descriptive statistics and inferential tests. Results A response rate of 72 % (n = 124/173) was achieved. 68.5 % (n = 85) of radiographers reported that they always used GCS, primarily to reduce radiation exposure to reproductive organs 79 % (n = 98), as well as stating they were following local protocols 78.2 %. Participants reported higher rates of GCS usage among male patients 73.39 % compared to female patients 68.55 % although, shielding was more commonly applied in younger patients, with a notable decline in usage for elderly patients. Gender had slightly less influence than age, while education significantly impacted knowledge, with postgraduates showing greater awareness of GCS guidelines (p = 0.026). Male radiographers reported higher knowledge and more frequent GCS use than females (p = 0.030). No association was found between experience and adherence to GCS recommendations. Conclusion GCS remains widely used in Kuwait, practice varying with education, experience, and gender. However, current use diverges from European and international guidelines discouraging routine shielding, revealing evidence–practice gap.

Item Type:	Article
Date Type:	Publication
Status:	Published
Schools:	Schools > Healthcare Sciences
Publisher:	Elsevier BV
ISSN:	1078-8174
Date of Acceptance:	13 November 2025
Last Modified:	15 Dec 2025 15:45
URI:	https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/183252

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